Syntheses of HIV Prevention Research, Phase III

HIV 预防研究综合，第三阶段

• 批准号: 8266029
• 负责人: BLAIR T JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 52.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-10 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8266029
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Archives; Attention; Award; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Characteristics; Code; Communities; Data; Databases; Development; Dimensions; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Elements; Ensure; Epidemic; Evaluation; Foundations; Future; Goals; Guidelines; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV prevention trial; Head; Health; Health Policy; Heterosexuals; Individual; Infection; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Investigation; Investments; Journals; Knowledge; Leadership; Literature; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Meta-Analysis; Methods; NIH Program Announcements; National Institute of Mental Health; Needle-Exchange Programs; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Phase; Policies; Population; Prevention; Prevention Research; Preventive Intervention; Process; Progress Reports; Psychologist; Public Health; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Role; Science; Scientist; Series; Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Environment; Social Policies; Standardization; Structure; Sum; Syringes; Techniques; Technology Transfer; Terminology; Testing; Time; Update; Vaccines; Variant; Woman; Work; base; behavior change; condoms; cost; design; efficacy trial; evidence base; follow-up; improved; insight; men; men who have sex with men; prevent; psychologic; psychosocial; response; sex risk; social; social capital; success; theories; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competing renewal will provide continuing support for the Syntheses of HIV/AIDS Research Project (SHARP). The studies will center on issues central to factors that underlie the efficacy of HIV risk-reduction interventions, with a series of studies conducted for each of three interrelated specific aims related to intervention content, maintenance of risk behavior change, and structural interventions for HIV prevention. First, intensive, psychosocial behavioral interventions will be content-analyzed across a broad set of HIV prevention studies and these dimensions will be related to the trials' efficacy. Structural aspects integrated into individual trials will also be evaluated. These results will inform not only key content dimensions but also highlight improvements to reporting requirements of future intervention trials. Second, theory-driven meta-analyses will examine how sexual risk-behavior change can best be maintained and with what success sexual infections are averted, focusing in turn on adolescents, heterosexual women, men who have sex with men, and African-Americans; each of these will consider the role of supportive social milieus in facilitating or hindering efficacy. Moreover, some will examine prevention across populations and the roles of HIV knowledge and levels of protected sexual interactions at the outset of trials. Third, meta-analyses will be performed of the literatures relating to prevention of HIV through changes in social and policy structure that affect the availability of preventative actions, including condom availability and condom-use policies needle exchange programs, and increases in services for sexually transmitted infections. By carefully summing up the evidence to date on these important and quickly growing literatures, these meta-analyses will inform public health officials, community-based interventionists, and scientists about which interventions work best, which components of interventions have the largest impact, and the circumstances under which HIV risk-reduction interventions are most likely to be produce lasting change. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal, Syntheses of HIV Prevention Research, Phase III, has extremely high relevance to public health in that its studies review, summarize, and organize the voluminous available scientific evidence regarding the best intervention techniques to prevent the spread of HIV among the population, which is a highly important public health goal. The proposal best matches PA-07-070, "Research Project Grant (Parent R01)." Although aspects of the planned investigation are relevant to other program announcements, the best match was deemed to be investigator-initiated as the goals of the investigation are broader than any particular program announcement.

描述（由申请人提供）：此竞争性更新将为HIV/AIDS综合研究项目（SHARP）提供持续支持。这些研究将集中在降低艾滋病毒风险干预措施有效性的核心因素问题上，并针对与干预内容、维持风险行为改变和艾滋病毒预防结构性干预有关的三个相互关联的具体目标中的每一个进行一系列研究。首先，密集的社会心理行为干预将在广泛的艾滋病毒预防研究中进行内容分析，这些方面将与试验的有效性有关。还将评估纳入个别试验的结构方面。这些结果不仅将为关键内容维度提供信息，而且还将突出未来干预试验报告要求的改进。其次，理论驱动的荟萃分析将研究如何最好地维持性风险-行为改变，以及如何成功地避免性感染，依次关注青少年、异性恋女性、男男性行为者和非裔美国人；其中每一项都将考虑支持性社会环境在促进或阻碍效能方面的作用。此外，一些人将在试验开始时检查人群的预防工作、艾滋病毒知识的作用和受保护的性行为水平。第三，通过社会和政策结构的变化来影响预防行动的可获得性，包括避孕套的可获得性和避孕套使用政策，针头交换计划，以及性传播感染服务的增加，对有关艾滋病预防的文献进行meta分析。通过仔细总结这些重要且快速增长的文献的证据，这些荟萃分析将告知公共卫生官员、社区干预者和科学家哪些干预措施效果最好，干预措施的哪些组成部分影响最大，以及在哪些情况下降低艾滋病毒风险的干预措施最有可能产生持久的变化。