Syntheses of HIV Prevention Research, Phase III

HIV 预防研究综合，第三阶段

• 批准号: 8266029
• 负责人: BLAIR T JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 52.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-10 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8266029
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Archives; Attention; Award; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Characteristics; Code; Communities; Data; Databases; Development; Dimensions; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Elements; Ensure; Epidemic; Evaluation; Foundations; Future; Goals; Guidelines; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV prevention trial; Head; Health; Health Policy; Heterosexuals; Individual; Infection; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Investigation; Investments; Journals; Knowledge; Leadership; Literature; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Meta-Analysis; Methods; NIH Program Announcements; National Institute of Mental Health; Needle-Exchange Programs; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Phase; Policies; Population; Prevention; Prevention Research; Preventive Intervention; Process; Progress Reports; Psychologist; Public Health; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Role; Science; Scientist; Series; Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Environment; Social Policies; Standardization; Structure; Sum; Syringes; Techniques; Technology Transfer; Terminology; Testing; Time; Update; Vaccines; Variant; Woman; Work; base; behavior change; condoms; cost; design; efficacy trial; evidence base; follow-up; improved; insight; men; men who have sex with men; prevent; psychologic; psychosocial; response; sex risk; social; social capital; success; theories; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competing renewal will provide continuing support for the Syntheses of HIV/AIDS Research Project (SHARP). The studies will center on issues central to factors that underlie the efficacy of HIV risk-reduction interventions, with a series of studies conducted for each of three interrelated specific aims related to intervention content, maintenance of risk behavior change, and structural interventions for HIV prevention. First, intensive, psychosocial behavioral interventions will be content-analyzed across a broad set of HIV prevention studies and these dimensions will be related to the trials' efficacy. Structural aspects integrated into individual trials will also be evaluated. These results will inform not only key content dimensions but also highlight improvements to reporting requirements of future intervention trials. Second, theory-driven meta-analyses will examine how sexual risk-behavior change can best be maintained and with what success sexual infections are averted, focusing in turn on adolescents, heterosexual women, men who have sex with men, and African-Americans; each of these will consider the role of supportive social milieus in facilitating or hindering efficacy. Moreover, some will examine prevention across populations and the roles of HIV knowledge and levels of protected sexual interactions at the outset of trials. Third, meta-analyses will be performed of the literatures relating to prevention of HIV through changes in social and policy structure that affect the availability of preventative actions, including condom availability and condom-use policies needle exchange programs, and increases in services for sexually transmitted infections. By carefully summing up the evidence to date on these important and quickly growing literatures, these meta-analyses will inform public health officials, community-based interventionists, and scientists about which interventions work best, which components of interventions have the largest impact, and the circumstances under which HIV risk-reduction interventions are most likely to be produce lasting change. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal, Syntheses of HIV Prevention Research, Phase III, has extremely high relevance to public health in that its studies review, summarize, and organize the voluminous available scientific evidence regarding the best intervention techniques to prevent the spread of HIV among the population, which is a highly important public health goal. The proposal best matches PA-07-070, "Research Project Grant (Parent R01)." Although aspects of the planned investigation are relevant to other program announcements, the best match was deemed to be investigator-initiated as the goals of the investigation are broader than any particular program announcement.

描述（由申请人提供）：这种竞争性更新将为艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究项目（Sharp）的合成提供持续的支持。这些研究将集中在核心的问题上，这些因素是降低艾滋病毒风险干预措施有效性的因素，并针对与干预含量有关的三个相互关联的特定目的进行了一系列研究，维持风险行为改变以及预防HIV的结构干预措施。首先，在广泛的艾滋病毒预防研究中，将对密集的，社会心理的行为干预措施进行内容分析，这些维度将与试验的功效有关。还将评估整合到单个试验中的结构方面。这些结果不仅将为关键内容维度提供信息，而且还强调了未来干预试验报告要求的改进。其次，理论驱动的荟萃分析将研究如何最好地维持性风险行为变化，并避免了性感染的成功性感染，依次集中于青少年，异性恋妇女，与男人发生性关系的男人和非裔美国人；这些都将考虑支持社会环境在促进或阻碍功效中的作用。此外，有些人将在试验开始时检查跨人群的预防以及艾滋病毒知识和受保护性互动的水平的作用。第三，将通过影响预防措施可用性的社会和政策结构的变化来对预防艾滋病毒的文献进行荟萃分析，包括避孕套的可用性和避孕套政策针对性交换计划，并增加性传播感染的服务。通过仔细总结这些重要迅速增长的文献的证据，这些荟萃分析将为公共卫生官员，基于社区的干预主义者和科学家提供有关哪些干预措施最有效的方法，这些干预措施的影响最大，以及在哪些情况下，艾滋病毒风险降低干预措施最有可能导致持久的变化。 公共卫生相关性：该提案，艾滋病毒预防研究的合成，第三阶段，与公共卫生的相关性极高，因为其研究综述，总结和组织了有关防止艾滋病毒在人群中传播的最佳干预技术的大量可用科学证据，这是一个非常重要的公共卫生目标。该提案最匹配PA-07-070，“研究项目赠款（父母R01）”。尽管计划调查的各个方面与其他计划公告有关，但最好的匹配被认为是调查人员发起的，因为调查的目标比任何特定的计划公告都要广泛。