Syntheses of HIV Prevention Research, Phase III

HIV 预防研究综合，第三阶段

• 批准号: 8266029
• 负责人: BLAIR T JOHNSON
• 金额: $ 52.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-10 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8266029
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Address; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; African American; Archives; Attention; Award; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Characteristics; Code; Communities; Data; Databases; Development; Dimensions; Effectiveness; Effectiveness of Interventions; Elements; Ensure; Epidemic; Evaluation; Foundations; Future; Goals; Guidelines; HIV; HIV Infections; HIV prevention trial; Head; Health; Health Policy; Heterosexuals; Individual; Infection; Intervention; Intervention Trial; Investigation; Investments; Journals; Knowledge; Leadership; Literature; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Medical; Meta-Analysis; Methods; NIH Program Announcements; National Institute of Mental Health; Needle-Exchange Programs; Outcome; Parents; Participant; Phase; Policies; Population; Prevention; Prevention Research; Preventive Intervention; Process; Progress Reports; Psychologist; Public Health; Publishing; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Role; Science; Scientist; Series; Services; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Social Environment; Social Policies; Standardization; Structure; Sum; Syringes; Techniques; Technology Transfer; Terminology; Testing; Time; Update; Vaccines; Variant; Woman; Work; base; behavior change; condoms; cost; design; efficacy trial; evidence base; follow-up; improved; insight; men; men who have sex with men; prevent; psychologic; psychosocial; response; sex risk; social; social capital; success; theories; therapy development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This competing renewal will provide continuing support for the Syntheses of HIV/AIDS Research Project (SHARP). The studies will center on issues central to factors that underlie the efficacy of HIV risk-reduction interventions, with a series of studies conducted for each of three interrelated specific aims related to intervention content, maintenance of risk behavior change, and structural interventions for HIV prevention. First, intensive, psychosocial behavioral interventions will be content-analyzed across a broad set of HIV prevention studies and these dimensions will be related to the trials' efficacy. Structural aspects integrated into individual trials will also be evaluated. These results will inform not only key content dimensions but also highlight improvements to reporting requirements of future intervention trials. Second, theory-driven meta-analyses will examine how sexual risk-behavior change can best be maintained and with what success sexual infections are averted, focusing in turn on adolescents, heterosexual women, men who have sex with men, and African-Americans; each of these will consider the role of supportive social milieus in facilitating or hindering efficacy. Moreover, some will examine prevention across populations and the roles of HIV knowledge and levels of protected sexual interactions at the outset of trials. Third, meta-analyses will be performed of the literatures relating to prevention of HIV through changes in social and policy structure that affect the availability of preventative actions, including condom availability and condom-use policies needle exchange programs, and increases in services for sexually transmitted infections. By carefully summing up the evidence to date on these important and quickly growing literatures, these meta-analyses will inform public health officials, community-based interventionists, and scientists about which interventions work best, which components of interventions have the largest impact, and the circumstances under which HIV risk-reduction interventions are most likely to be produce lasting change. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal, Syntheses of HIV Prevention Research, Phase III, has extremely high relevance to public health in that its studies review, summarize, and organize the voluminous available scientific evidence regarding the best intervention techniques to prevent the spread of HIV among the population, which is a highly important public health goal. The proposal best matches PA-07-070, "Research Project Grant (Parent R01)." Although aspects of the planned investigation are relevant to other program announcements, the best match was deemed to be investigator-initiated as the goals of the investigation are broader than any particular program announcement.

描述(由申请人提供)：本次竞争性续签将为艾滋病毒/艾滋病研究项目(夏普)的综合工作提供持续支持。这些研究将围绕艾滋病毒降低风险干预措施有效性的核心因素，针对与干预内容、维持风险行为变化和艾滋病毒预防结构性干预相关的三个相互关联的具体目标进行一系列研究。首先，密集的心理社会行为干预将在一系列广泛的艾滋病毒预防研究中进行内容分析，这些维度将与试验的有效性相关。还将对纳入个别试验的结构方面进行评估。这些结果不仅将为关键内容提供信息，还将突出对未来干预试验报告要求的改进。其次，理论驱动的荟萃分析将检验性风险行为的改变如何才能最好地维持，以及在多大程度上成功地避免性感染，依次关注青少年、异性恋女性、与男性发生性关系的男性和非裔美国人；每一项都将考虑支持性社会环境在促进或阻碍有效性方面的作用。此外，一些人将在试验开始时检查人群中的预防以及艾滋病毒知识和受保护的性行为水平的作用。第三，将对有关通过改变社会和政策结构来预防艾滋病毒的文献进行荟萃分析，这些结构影响到预防措施的可获得性，包括提供避孕套和使用避孕套的政策，针头交换计划，以及增加性传播感染服务。通过仔细总结这些重要且快速增长的文献的最新证据，这些元分析将向公共卫生官员、社区干预者和科学家提供信息，说明哪些干预措施效果最好，哪些干预措施的哪些组成部分影响最大，以及在什么情况下艾滋病毒风险降低干预措施最有可能产生持久的变化。 公共卫生相关性：这项名为《艾滋病毒预防研究综合，第三阶段》的提案与公共卫生具有极高的相关性，因为它的研究审查、总结和组织了大量现有的关于预防艾滋病毒在人群中传播的最佳干预技术的科学证据，这是一个非常重要的公共卫生目标。该提案最符合PA-07-070，“研究项目资助(家长R01)”。尽管计划调查的各个方面与其他计划公告相关，但最佳匹配被认为是由调查人员发起的，因为调查的目标比任何特定计划公告都要广泛。