Malaria Vector Biology in Brazil: Genetics and Ecology

描述：（由申请人提供）：达氏按蚊仍然是主要的 巴西的新热带疟疾病媒，但其重要性可能正在下降， 一些生态环境发生了改变，而另一些则在增加。按蚊 marajoara最近被指控为城市周围的主要病媒， 马卡帕在阿马帕州，亚马逊巴西。马拉霍拉按蚊在 在这一区域受干扰的生境中，传播似乎正在增加。 病媒物种的变化可能改变非洲疟疾传播的流行病学， 亚马逊河这个项目的总体目标是描述和解释 生态学，遗传学和流行病学方面的每一个安。Marajoara和An. 达林吉位于巴西亚马逊河东北部。在结果中，这项研究可能 解释安的分布模式的变化。Darlingi和An.马拉霍阿拉在 干扰环境，沿着提供洞察力来预测这种变化 其他媒介物种。该提案的第一个具体目标是说明 目前的分布模式，丰度和感染性的一个。 Marajoara和An. Darlingi通过在两个生态区，稀树草原和 低地雨林、农业定居点和金矿。这将 使用现场收集和ELISA进行调查。第二个具体目标 检验种群结构、遗传多样性、分化 和有效人口规模的代表性人口样本， 生态干扰的存在。使用的标记是微卫星， 线粒体DNA Col基因序列具体目标三考察潜力 预期可能伴随的流行病学模式的变化 并将使用巴西政府收集的数据 Fundacao Nacional da Saude将亚马逊河的几个地点进行比较 巴西第四个具体目标是利用微卫星标记检测An。 达林吉在马瑙斯和贝伦的每一个，以确定来源的记录 重新建立的种群，无论是附近的还是遥远的，以及基因的范围， 在每个城市内和周围的所有人口中流动。

DESCRIPTION: (provided by the applicant): Anopheles darlingi remains the major Neotropical malaria vector in Brazil, but its importance may be diminishing in some ecologically altered environments, while increasing in others. Anopheles marajoara has been newly incriminated as the primary vector around the city of Macapa in Amapa state, Amazonian Brazil. Anopheles marajoara's importance in transmission appears to be increasing in disturbed habitats in this region. Changes in vector species may alter the epidemiology of malaria transmission in the Amazon. The overall goal of this project is to characterize and explain aspects of ecology, genetics and epidemiology of each of An. Marajoara and An. Darlingi in northeastern Amazonian Brazil. Among outcomes, this research may explain changing patterns of distribution of An. Darlingi and An. Marajoara in disturbed environments, along with providing insights to predict such changes in other vector species. The first specific aim of the proposal is to account for current patterns of distribution, abundance and infectivity of An. Marajoara and An. Darlingi by testing hypotheses in two ecoregions, savanna and lowland rainforest, and in agricultural settlements and gold mines. This will be investigated using field collections and ELISA. The second specific aim tests hypotheses of population structure, genetic diversity, differentiation and effective population size from representative population samples in the presence of ecological disturbance. Markers used are microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA Col gene sequences. Specific aim three examines potential changes in epidemiological patterns that might be expected to accompany ecological disturbance and will use data collected by the Brazilian government agency Fundacao Nacional da Saude to compare several locations in Amazonian Brazil. The fourth specific aim uses microsatellite markers to examine An. Darlingi in each of Manaus and Belem to determine the source of the documented reestablished populations, whether nearby or distant, and the extent of gene flow among all populations in and around each city.