Latitudinal landscape genomics and ecology of Anopheles darlingi

达林按蚊纬度景观基因组学和生态学

• 批准号: 9273889
• 负责人: Jan E Conn
• 金额: $ 33.84万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-15 至 2019-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9273889
• 关键词: Accounting; Age; Agriculture; Americas; Anopheles Genus; Behavioral; Brazil; Candidate Disease Gene; Characteristics; Culicidae; Data; Deforestation; Detection; Development; Disease Outbreaks; Ecology; Ecosystem; Entomology; Environment; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Exposure to; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genetic Structures; Genetic Variation; Genome; Genomics; Genotype; Geography; Goals; Guidelines; Habitats; Health; Immunity; Incidence; Individual; Infection; Invaded; Latin America; Latin American; Link; Malaria; Methods; Natural Selections; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Pattern; Phenotype; Plasmodium; Plasticizers; Population; Predisposition; Process; Proxy; Public Health; Reaction; Research; Risk; Role; Structure; Temperature; Testing; Variant; Work; base; behavioral plasticity; comparative genomics; experimental study; forest; frontier; genomic signature; human migration; indexing; innovation; life history; malaria transmission; novel; public health relevance; reproductive; reproductive success; response; success; trait; transmission process; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary Amazonian malaria vector Anopheles darlingi has the ability to adapt quickly to micro- geographic changes resulting from novel environmental conditions such as those encountered in agricultural settlements. Therefore, it is a substantial health threat in Latin America. This proposal examines three understudied aspects of An. darlingi to identify the main mechanism responsible for its success in transmission: broad plasticity or genetic specialization. First, we will test the Frontier Malaria Hypothesis (FMH), tht settlement age predicts malaria incidence, by explicitly separating the effects of settlement age and forest cover. We will use a state-of-the art ecologically-based experimental design that compares environmental variables in three levels of forest cover and two habitat types in both new and old settlements in two regions of Amazonian Brazil. Entomological metrics, most notably the entomological inoculation rate (EIR), will be compared among 12 settlements. We anticipate that a modified FMH, that accounts for both age and forest cover, will provide stronger predictive power for the invasiveness of An. darlingi and other vectors in a wide range of fragmented landscape types. Secondly, we will compare population genomics of An. darlingi exposed to (i) different levels of Plasmodium in the endemic Amazonian region versus southern Brazil where malaria is rare, and (ii) environmental variables in multiple Amazonian settlements. Development of SNPs across the An. darlingi genome will allow us to determine whether populations of An. darlingi differ in their genetic capacity to resist Plasmodium and to discover genomic signatures of selection among populations and regions. Thirdly, we will conduct life-history experiments that focus on the reaction norms to temperature of traits that are directly linked to vectorial capacity. We will test for regional genetic variation for traits and their plasticities, and evaluate whether there has been selection for these differences. By providing original data on the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics integral to the rapid response of An. darlingi to landscape fragmentation, our work will have a significant impact on frontier malaria in the Amazon and in other similar settings. The proposed work is conceptually innovative because it links landscape fragmentation, genetics and life-history traits with the precise localities that are likely to become foci of increased transmission. It is technically innovative because of the use of a next-gen RADseq method to evaluate populations of An. darlingi from localities with varying exposure to Plasmodium. Our long-term goal is to predict where and when An. darlingi populations will expand, resulting in new foci of malaria risk.

描述（由申请人提供）：主要的亚马逊疟疾媒介达氏按蚊（Anopheles darlingi）具有快速适应新环境条件（如农业定居点中遇到的环境条件）导致的微地理变化的能力。因此，它是拉丁美洲的一个重大健康威胁。这个建议探讨了三个未充分研究的方面。darlingi，以确定其成功传播的主要机制：广泛的可塑性或遗传专业化。首先，我们将通过明确分离定居年龄和森林覆盖的影响来检验疟疾前沿假说（FMH），即定居年龄预测疟疾发病率。我们将使用最先进的生态为基础的实验设计，比较环境变量在三个层次的森林覆盖和两个栖息地类型在新的和旧的定居点在亚马逊巴西的两个地区。昆虫学指标，最显着的昆虫接种率（EIR），将比较12个定居点。我们预计，一个修改后的FMH，占年龄和森林覆盖率，将提供更强的预测能力的入侵。darlingi和其他载体在广泛的破碎景观类型。其次，我们将比较的人口基因组学的一个。darlingi暴露于（i）亚马逊地区与疟疾罕见的巴西南部地区不同水平的疟原虫，以及（ii）多个亚马逊定居点的环境变量。在整个AN中开发SNP。darlingi基因组将使我们能够确定是否人口的An. darlingi的不同之处在于它们抵抗疟原虫的遗传能力，以及发现种群和地区之间选择的基因组特征。第三，我们将进行生活史实验，重点是直接与矢量能力相关的性状对温度的反应规范。我们将测试性状的区域遗传变异及其可塑性，并评估是否存在这些差异的选择。通过提供原始数据的基因型和表型特征的快速反应的一个组成部分。darlingi景观破碎化，我们的工作将在亚马逊和其他类似环境的边境疟疾产生重大影响。拟议的工作在概念上是创新的，因为它将景观破碎化，遗传学和生活史特征与可能成为传播增加的焦点的确切地点联系起来。它在技术上是创新的，因为使用了下一代RADseq方法来评估An的群体。来自不同地区的darlingi我们的长期目标是预测安在何时何地。darlingi人口将扩大，造成新的疟疾风险集中地。