Investigation and Treatment of Ocular Motor Disorders

眼部运动障碍的调查和治疗

• 批准号: 6863043
• 负责人: RICHARD JOHN LEIGH
• 金额: $ 21.38万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6863043
• 关键词: amantadine; antiparkinson drugs; cerebellar disorders; clinical research; clinical trials; eye disorder chemotherapy; eye movement disorders; eye movements; gabapentin; human subject; human therapy evaluation; mathematical model; nystagmus; patient oriented research; saccades; vestibuloocular reflex; vision disorders; vision tests; visual feedback; visual tracking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to learn more about human ocular motor disorders that impair vision during everyday activities; (2) to apply insights from basic science to better understand clinical problems (a translational approach); and (3) to appraise therapeutic measures for abnormal eye movements and so restore clear vision. There are five specific aims, which grow out of prior studies: The first project addresses the pathogenesis of disorders such as opsoclonus, and models that attribute these ocular oscillations to either cerebellar or brainstem mechanisms. The second project investigates the velocity profiles of rapid eye movements (saccades), which are disrupted in certain disorders affecting the brainstem and cerebellum due to premature termination of these movements. The third project concerns the way in which saccades and vergence movements interact during natural shifts of the fixation point. Using a novel paradigm, it is possible to dissociate in time the saccadic and vergence components, and thus systematically study their interaction. The fourth project addresses how vestibular eye movements are suppressed while viewing a near, head fixed target (as in reading while walking). The goal is to better understanding disability for such tasks in patients with disorders of vestibular or visually mediated eye movements. The fifth project is a crossover evaluation of memantine and gabapentin as treatment for acquired forms of nystagmus. Gabapentin suppresses acquired nystagmus and improves vision in some patients, but side-effects such as ataxia limit the dosage tolerated. Memantine is also reported to suppress pendular nystagmus and improve vision in multiple sclerosis (MS), but no double-masked trial has been performed. The research strategies are (1) to relate reliable measurements of eye movements to visual complaints of patients during natural behaviors; (2) to use measurements of normal and abnormal eye movements to test mathematical models that are biologically plausible; and (3) to evaluate new treatments of disorders of ocular motility using controlled trials. Thus, these projects will provide new information on the pathogenesis and treatment of a range of common disorders of eye movements that disrupt clear vision.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的长期目标是：（1）更多地了解在日常活动中损害视力的人类眼部运动障碍;（2）应用基础科学的见解更好地理解临床问题（转化方法）;（3）评估异常眼球运动的治疗措施，从而恢复清晰的视力。有五个具体的目标，这是从以前的研究中发展出来的：第一个项目解决了眼阵挛等疾病的发病机制，并建立了将这些眼振荡归因于小脑或脑干机制的模型。第二个项目研究快速眼球运动（扫视）的速度曲线，由于这些运动的过早终止，这些运动在影响脑干和小脑的某些疾病中被破坏。第三个项目涉及的方式，扫视和聚散运动的相互作用，在自然转移的注视点。使用一种新的范例，它是可能的时间分离的扫视和聚散分量，从而系统地研究它们的相互作用。第四个项目解决了前庭眼运动是如何被抑制，而观看附近，头部固定的目标（如在阅读，而步行）。我们的目标是更好地了解残疾的前庭或视觉介导的眼球运动障碍的患者这样的任务。第五个项目是美金刚和加巴喷丁治疗获得性眼球震颤的交叉评价。加巴喷丁抑制获得性眼球震颤并改善某些患者的视力，但共济失调等副作用限制了耐受剂量。美金刚胺也被报道抑制摆动性眼球震颤和改善多发性硬化症（MS）的视力，但没有进行双盲试验。研究策略是：（1）将可靠的眼动测量与患者在自然行为期间的视觉投诉联系起来;（2）使用正常和异常眼动的测量来测试生物学上合理的数学模型;（3）使用对照试验来评估眼运动障碍的新治疗方法。因此，这些项目将提供新的信息的发病机制和治疗的一系列常见疾病的眼球运动，破坏清晰的视觉。