Investigation and Treatment of Ocular Motor Disorders

眼部运动障碍的调查和治疗

• 批准号: 7583958
• 负责人: RICHARD JOHN LEIGH
• 金额: $ 15.29万
• 依托单位: CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7583958
• 关键词: Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Ataxia; Basic Science; Behavior; Brain Stem; Cerebellum; Clinical; Data; Disease; Evaluation; Eye; Eye Movements; Feedback; Frequencies; Glutamates; Goals; Head; High Frequency Oscillation; Human; Inferior; Investigation; Learning; Lesion; Lighting; Location; Masks; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Memantine; Modeling; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; NMDA receptor antagonist; Neurons; Ocular Motility Disorders; Olives - dietary; Opsoclonus; Pathogenesis; Pathologic Nystagmus; Patient observation; Patients; Pendular Nystagmus; Physiologic pulse; Reading; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Retinal; Role; Rotation; Saccades; Science; Signal Transduction; Speed; Tay-Sachs Disease; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Translational Research; Vision; Visual; Walking; control trial; disability; dosage; gabapentin; human subject; improved; insight; mathematical model; monocular; motor disorder; novel; oculomotor; premature; prevent; rapid eye movement; relating to nervous system; sample fixation; translational approach; vestibulo-ocular reflex

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of the proposed research are: (1) to learn more about human ocular motor disorders that impair vision during everyday activities; (2) to apply insights from basic science to better understand clinical problems (a translational approach); and (3) to appraise therapeutic measures for abnormal eye movements and so restore clear vision. There are five specific aims, which grow out of prior studies: The first project addresses the pathogenesis of disorders such as opsoclonus, and models that attribute these ocular oscillations to either cerebellar or brainstem mechanisms. The second project investigates the velocity profiles of rapid eye movements (saccades), which are disrupted in certain disorders affecting the brainstem and cerebellum due to premature termination of these movements. The third project concerns the way in which saccades and vergence movements interact during natural shifts of the fixation point. Using a novel paradigm, it is possible to dissociate in time the saccadic and vergence components, and thus systematically study their interaction. The fourth project addresses how vestibular eye movements are suppressed while viewing a near, head fixed target (as in reading while walking). The goal is to better understanding disability for such tasks in patients with disorders of vestibular or visually mediated eye movements. The fifth project is a crossover evaluation of memantine and gabapentin as treatment for acquired forms of nystagmus. Gabapentin suppresses acquired nystagmus and improves vision in some patients, but side-effects such as ataxia limit the dosage tolerated. Memantine is also reported to suppress pendular nystagmus and improve vision in multiple sclerosis (MS), but no double-masked trial has been performed. The research strategies are (1) to relate reliable measurements of eye movements to visual complaints of patients during natural behaviors; (2) to use measurements of normal and abnormal eye movements to test mathematical models that are biologically plausible; and (3) to evaluate new treatments of disorders of ocular motility using controlled trials. Thus, these projects will provide new information on the pathogenesis and treatment of a range of common disorders of eye movements that disrupt clear vision.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议研究的长期目标是：(1)更多地了解在日常活动中损害视力的人类眼运动障碍；(2)运用基础科学的见解来更好地理解临床问题（一种转化方法）；(3)评价眼动异常的治疗措施，恢复清晰的视力。有五个特定的目标，从以前的研究中发展出来：第一个项目解决了诸如眼盲等疾病的发病机制，以及将这些眼振荡归因于小脑或脑干机制的模型。第二个项目研究快速眼动（扫视）的速度分布，由于这些运动的过早终止，在影响脑干和小脑的某些疾病中，这些运动被破坏。第三个项目关注的是注视点自然移动过程中跳跃和收敛运动相互作用的方式。利用一种新的范式，有可能及时分离跳跃性和收敛性成分，从而系统地研究它们的相互作用。第四个项目研究的是前庭眼球运动是如何在观看近距离头部固定目标时被抑制的（比如边走边阅读）。目的是更好地了解患有前庭或视觉介导的眼球运动障碍的患者在这些任务中的残疾。第五个项目是美金刚和加巴喷丁治疗获得性眼球震颤的交叉评估。加巴喷丁抑制获得性眼球震颤并改善某些患者的视力，但其副作用如共济失调限制了其耐受剂量。有报道称美金刚能抑制多发性硬化症（MS）患者的钟摆性眼球震颤和改善视力，但尚未进行双盲试验。研究策略是：(1)将眼球运动的可靠测量与患者在自然行为时的视觉抱怨联系起来；(2)利用正常和异常眼球运动的测量来检验生物学上合理的数学模型；(3)采用对照试验评价眼动障碍的新治疗方法。因此，这些项目将为一系列常见的眼球运动疾病的发病机制和治疗提供新的信息，这些疾病会破坏清晰的视力。