Matching Services to Client Needs in Drug Court

描述（由申请人提供）： 这是一个竞争性的继续申请NIDA赠款#R01-DA-13096，司法地位听证会在毒品法庭的作用。这项为期四年的研究的目的是通过实验隔离药物法庭结果的司法地位听证会的影响，并确定与地位听证会互动的客户特征。一项随机对照试验的结果显示，在药物法庭期间或入院后6个月或12个月，状态听证会对咨询出勤率，尿液分析结果，官方再次逮捕和再次定罪，或自我报告的物质使用或犯罪活动没有主要影响。然而，“高风险”的主题谁有反社会人格障碍或先前的药物滥用治疗失败的历史表现更有利时，分配到每两周一次的听证会，而“低风险”的主题没有这些风险因素时，分配到按需听证会表现更有利。 在NIDA和CSAT的补充支持下，我们在农村和城市社区的两个新司法管辖区复制了其中的一些发现。不幸的是，我们被要求过早地停止重复研究，因为某些高危罪犯在必要的条件下表现得异常糟糕。因此，重复样本的小N可能不能代表目标人群，我们没有足够的统计能力来跟进一些其他发现或进行长期结局分析。在一项充分有力的研究中确认这些相互作用效应是至关重要的，以便更好地处理如何解释这些相互作用效应，并确定如何最好地利用这些效应为毒品法庭客户和毒品法庭计划带来利益。 我们开始实施一项前瞻性匹配研究，以跟进这些发现。我们希望在目前的资金用完之前完成一半的招募工作，我们要求再提供三年的支持，以完成招募工作，跟踪参与者两年，并传播我们的调查结果。具体目标是评估匹配毒品法庭客户的影响，以适当的时间表的状态听证会考虑到他们的风险水平;确定潜在的调解或调节变量，可以解释的过程中，状态听证会发挥其对结果的影响;并确定其他风险因素或匹配变量与司法地位听证会。 我们是第一个研究小组，以完成一个随机对照研究的状态听证会在毒品法庭，我们已经这样做了高度完整的实验条件，在五个不同的法院。我们在法庭现场有训练有素的工作人员;制定了安全，道德和有效的研究程序;并召集了由主要毒品法庭利益相关者组成的地方指导委员会，为项目提供指导。这项申请的目的是跟进我们极其重要和实用的发现，维护这一研究基础设施，并继续开展一项非常成功的与毒品有关的刑事犯罪分子的研究计划。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a competing continuation application for NIDA grant #R01-DA-13096, The Role of Judicial Status Hearings in Drug Court. The aims of this four-year study were to experimentally isolate the effects of judicial status hearings on drug court outcomes and to identify client characteristics that interact with status hearings. Results of a randomized controlled trial revealed no main effect of status hearings on counseling attendance, urinalysis results, official re-arrests and re-convictions, or self-reported substance use or criminal activity during drug court or at 6 months or 12 months post-admission. However, "high-risk" subjects who had Antisocial Personality Disorder or a prior failed history in drug abuse treatment performed more favorably when assigned to bi-weekly hearings, whereas "low-risk" subjects without these risk factors performed more favorably when assigned to as-needed hearings. With Supplemental support from NIDA and CSAT, we replicated several of these findings in two new jurisdictions in rural and urban communities. Unfortunately, we were required to stop the replication study prematurely because certain high-risk offenders were performing exceptionably poorly in the as-needed condition. As a result, the small Ns for the replication sample may not be representative of the target population and we do not have sufficient statistical power to follow up on some of the other findings or to conduct longer-term outcome analyses. It is essential to confirm these interaction effects in a fully powered study, to gain a better handle on how to explain these interaction effects, and to determine how best to exploit these effects for the benefit of drug court clients and drug court programs. We began implementing a prospective matching study to follow up on these findings. We expect to complete half of the recruitment before the current funding runs out and we are asking for three additional years of support to complete recruitment, follow participants for two years, and disseminate our findings. The Specific Aims are to evaluate the effects of matching drug court clients to the appropriate schedule of status hearings given their risk level; identify potential mediating or moderating variables that may explain the process by which status hearings exert their effects on outcomes; and identify other risk factors or matching variables that interact with judicial status hearings. We are the first research group to accomplish a randomized controlled study of status hearings in drug court and we have done so with high integrity of the experimental conditions in five different courts. We have highly trained staffs on-site at the courts; developed safe, ethical, and effective research procedures; and convened local Steering Committees comprised of the key drug court stakeholders to provide guidance to the projects. The goal of this application is to follow up on our extremely important and practical findings, to maintain this research infrastructure, and to continue conducting an unusually successful program of research with drug-involved criminal offenders.