Genetic Factors in Physical Activity and Obesity

体力活动和肥胖的遗传因素

• 批准号: 7069970
• 负责人: Molly Bray
• 金额: $ 46.03万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-15 至 2008-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7069970
• 关键词: adipocytes; bioenergetics; biopsy; blood lipid; body composition; cell differentiation; clinical research; disease /disorder prevention /control; exercise; gene expression; genetic susceptibility; genotype; human subject; mass spectrometry; muscle cells; obesity; photon absorptiometry; polymerase chain reaction; satiations

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Currently, more than half the adults in the U.S. are considered to be overweight, and almost one quarter of these adults meet or surpass the criteria for obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2). Numerous studies of related and unrelated individuals have provided support for the role of genes in the determination of body size and mass. This is particularly true in the case of morbidly obese young adults, in whom a genetic susceptibility for obesity very likely precedes or exacerbates the effects of overeating or lack of physical activity often found in these individuals. Prevention programs designed to reduce the risk of obesity commonly focus on modifiable environments and behaviors such as physical activity and diet, with varied results among individuals. This heterogeneity in response to obesity interventions is also at least in part of genetic origin. Nevertheless, little is known about how genetic variation in genes related to the regulation of body mass/fat and obesity may alter or influence one's response to exercise or diet intervention. Though the number of genetic factors that may be related to obesity is substantial, at least four mechanisms may contribute to an individual's body composition response to exercise intervention: 1) predisposition for the formation and growth of adipose tissue, 2) propensity for muscle cell growth or maintenance, 3) sensitivity to factors that influence satiety, and/or 4) alterations in energy metabolism. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the association between genetic variation within genes related to adipogenesis, myocyte differentiation and growth, satiety, and energy metabolism and response to a well-established 30-week exercise training protocol, as determined by changes in body composition and blood lipids, in a multi-racial cohort of college-age men and women. In addition, we will investigate levels of gene expression in adipose and muscle tissue samples both pre- and post-training in order to identify additional genes related to body composition and/or responsivity to exercise. We have selected a powerful sample of males and females from multiple racial groups (N=1,536) designed to maximize our likelihood of detecting genetic differences related to body composition change. Results of this study will be invaluable not only in understanding the processes of exercise response and body composition change but also in improving intervention programs designed to reduce or prevent obesity.

描述（申请人提供）：目前，美国一半以上的成年人被认为体重超重，其中近四分之一的成年人达到或超过肥胖标准（BMI>30 kg/m2）。对相关和无关个体的大量研究为基因在决定身体大小和质量中的作用提供了支持。对于病态肥胖的年轻人来说尤其如此，他们对肥胖的遗传易感性很可能先于或加剧这些人经常发现的暴饮暴食或缺乏体力活动的影响。旨在降低肥胖风险的预防计划通常侧重于可改变的环境和行为，例如体力活动和饮食，但每个人的结果各不相同。这种对肥胖干预措施的反应异质性至少部分是遗传起源的。然而，人们对与体重/脂肪和肥胖调节相关的基因的遗传变异如何改变或影响一个人对运动或饮食干预的反应知之甚少。尽管可能与肥胖相关的遗传因素数量很大，但至少有四种机制可能有助于个体的身体成分对运动干预的反应：1）脂肪组织形成和生长的倾向，2）肌肉细胞生长或维持的倾向，3）对影响饱腹感的因素的敏感性，和/或4）能量代谢的改变。因此，本研究的目的是调查与脂肪生成、肌细胞分化和生长、饱腹感和能量代谢相关的基因内的遗传变异与对成熟的 30 周运动训练方案的反应之间的关联，该方案由多种族大学年龄男性和女性的身体成分和血脂变化确定。此外，我们将研究训练前和训练后脂肪和肌肉组织样本中的基因表达水平，以便识别与身体成分和/或运动反应相关的其他基因。我们从多个种族群体（N = 1,536）中选择了强大的男性和女性样本，旨在最大限度地提高检测与身体成分变化相关的遗传差异的可能性。这项研究的结果不仅对于了解运动反应和身体成分变化的过程非常有价值，而且对于改进旨在减少或预防肥胖的干预计划也非常有价值。