Social Factors and Cardiovascular Health in Buenos Aires

描述(由申请人提供) 心血管疾病是世界范围内主要的死亡原因。虽然传统上被认为是“工业化”的疾病，但越来越多的人认识到，肥胖、高血压和吸烟等心血管疾病和心血管风险因素是包括阿根廷在内的发展中国家发病率和死亡率的主要因素。然而，对发展中国家与心血管风险相关因素的流行病学研究仍然极为罕见。确定与心血管风险相关的因素可能有助于指导政策，或可能建议应作为干预目标的弱势群体。在工业化国家，人们越来越意识到生活环境的特点，包括居住环境的特点，在心血管危险因素的发展中可能发挥的作用。然而，关于阿根廷等国心血管疾病流行的社会和地理模式的信息几乎不存在。使用死亡证明和拉丁美洲最大的城市之一布宜诺斯艾利斯的调查数据，我们建议调查心血管风险的地理模式以及与这种模式相关的社会经济因素。这项建议的具体目的是：(1)描述布宜诺斯艾利斯市心血管疾病死亡率的小区域变化的空间格局。(2)调查布宜诺斯艾利斯市地区社会经济特征与心血管疾病死亡率的关系。(3)调查布宜诺斯艾利斯市肥胖、吸烟、自我报告高血压和体力活动患病率的空间差异；(4)调查地区特征和个人社会经济指标与心血管危险因素患病率的关系。这项研究将与阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯拉努斯大学的雨果·斯皮内利合作进行，作为NIH赠款R01 HL071759-01的延伸(Diez Roux，PI，2003年6月2日至2007年6月1日)。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death world wide. Although traditionally thought of as diseases of "industrialization", there is growing recognition of the importance of cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, and smoking as major contributors to morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including Argentina. Nevertheless, epidemiologic studies of factors associated with cardiovascular risk in developing countries remain extremely rare. Identifying factors associated with cardiovascular risk may help guide policy or may suggest vulnerable groups which should be targeted for intervention. In industrialized countries there has been growing awareness of the role that features of living environments, including characteristics of residential environments, may play in the development of cardiovascular risk factors. However, information on the social and geographic patterning of the cardiovascular disease epidemic in countries like Argentina is virtually non-existent. Using death certificate and survey data from Buenos Aires, one of the largest urban areas in Latin America, we propose to investigate the geographic patterning of cardiovascular risk and the socioeconomic factors associated with this patterning. The specific aims of this proposal are: (1) To describe the spatial patterning of small-area variations in cardiovascular disease mortality in the city of Buenos Aires.(2) To investigate associations of area socioeconomic characteristics with cardiovascular disease mortality in the city of Buenos Aires. (3) To investigate spatial variations in the prevalence of obesity, smoking, self-reported hypertension, and physical activity in the city of Buenos Aires; and (4) To investigate associations of both area characteristics and personal socioeconomic indicators with the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. This research will be carried out in collaboration with Hugo Spinelli of the Universidad de Lanus in Buenos Aires, Argentina as an extension of NIH grant R01 HL071759-01 (Diez Roux, PI, June 2,2003-June 1 2007).