Rural Super-Gentrification: An Investigation of Social Change Within Rural England

农村超级绅士化：英国农村社会变革的调查

• 批准号: 2593442
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2593442
• 关键词: Rural; Super; Gentrification; Investigation; Social

Rural gentrification emerged during the late 1970s and early 1980s, and Phillips (1993) has led the way regarding rural gentrification research. Subsequent studies have discerned gentrification in an array of rural contexts, encompassing remote amenity areas, accessible rural-urban fringe locations, and a plethora of forms: agricultural gentrification, wilderness gentrification and rural marginal gentrification. Studies by Stockdale (2010), Smith and Phillips (2018), Smith et al. (2019) and Phillips et al. (2020) have identified cases of super-gentrification within rural locations in the UK, specifically Crieff in Scotland and Tewin, Hertfordshire, England. Super-gentrification entails the transformation of a previously gentrified, prosperous neighbourhood into further exclusive and expensive enclaves through an in-migration of people with exceptionally high levels of economic capital (Butler and Lees, 2006; Lees, 2003). This mobilises an investment in properties within already gentrified areas in ways which are quantitively higher than that of earlier gentrifiers, and qualitatively distinct regarding forms of rebuilding undertaken and its implications on the locality, with earlier gentrifiers featuring amongst those who are displaced (Phillips et al., 2020; 2021). Moreover, studies of super-gentrification have variously accentuated the significance of globalised flows of economic capital and workers, financialisation, occupational change, objectified and institutional cultural capital, and transformations in neighbourhood social relations and identities (Butler and Lees, 2006; Lees, 2003; Phillips and Smith, 2018).Despite references to rural super-gentrification, a clear urban bias remains within super-gentrification research with a 'world cities' emphasis since Lees' (2003) coining of the term. In comparison, super-gentrification in rural contexts has received little attention, with references made comprising of passing comments as part of wider studies of rural gentrification and its relations to other social processes- ageing in place (Smith et al., 2019) and displacement (Phillips et al., 2020; 2021). There have also been studies of a 'New Rural Gentry' and 'New Squirearchy' (Heley, 2010; Woods, 2005); however, these have advanced largely in isolation from gentrification studies and with no reference to super-gentrification. Notwithstanding a paucity of rural super-gentrification research, Bernt (2018) and Phillips and Smith (2018) illustrate the interconnected nature of urban and rural gentrification, henceforth the relevance of rural gentrification research. Moreover, COVID-19 has highlighted a super-rich in-migration to rural areas away from metropolitan centres, what Smith et al. (2021) contend will exacerbate processes of rural gentrification and result in rural areas becoming increasingly exclusive.This research therefore aims to explore the emergence, and to advance a deeper and more nuanced understanding of rural super-gentrification through investigating social change within contrasting rural areas drawing together capital/asset 'production-side' approaches and theorisations of consumption and cultural identity. This research will also determine and examine the processes and agents of super-gentrification within contrasting rural areas. Moreover, this research will evaluate the extent to which displacement occurs as a consequence of rural super-gentrification, what forms of displacement occur and who and what is impacted by this.

农村士绅化出现在20世纪70年代末和80年代初，菲利普斯(1993)在农村士绅化研究方面走在了前列。随后的研究发现了一系列农村背景下的中产阶级化，包括偏远的宜居区、可到达的城乡结合部，以及过多的形式：农业中产阶级化、荒野中产阶级化和农村边际中产阶级化。斯托克代尔(2010)、史密斯和菲利普斯(2018)、史密斯等人的研究。(2019)和Phillips等人。(2020)已经确定了英国农村地区的超级士绅化案例，特别是苏格兰的克里夫和英格兰赫特福德郡的特温。超级中产阶级化需要将一个先前士绅化的繁荣社区通过拥有极高经济资本的人的迁入而转变为进一步的排外和昂贵的飞地(Butler和Lees，2006；Lees，2003)。这动员了对已经中产阶级化地区的房产的投资，其方式在数量上高于早期的中产阶级化者，在质量上与所进行的重建形式及其对当地的影响不同，早期的中产阶级化者以流离失所的人为特色(Phillips等人，2020；2021)。此外，对超中产阶级化的研究也不同程度地强调了经济资本和劳动力的全球化流动、金融化、职业变化、客观化和制度化的文化资本，以及邻里社会关系和身份的转变(Butler and Lees，2006；Lees，2003；Phillips and Smith，2018)。尽管提到了农村超中产阶级化，但自Lees(2003)创造这个术语以来，超中产阶级化研究中仍然存在明显的城市偏向，重点是“世界城市”。相比之下，农村地区的超中产阶级化很少受到关注，提及的内容包括作为对农村中产阶级化及其与其他社会进程--就地老龄化(Smith等人，2019年)和流离失所(Phillips等人，2020年；2021年)的关系的更广泛研究的一部分发表评论。也有关于“新农村绅士”和“新乡绅”的研究(Heley，2010；Wood，2005)；然而，这些研究在很大程度上是独立于士绅化研究而进行的，没有提到超士绅化。尽管缺乏对农村超中产阶级化的研究，但伯恩特(2018)和菲利普斯和史密斯(2018)说明了城市和农村中产阶级化的相互联系的性质，从此以后农村中产阶级化研究的相关性。此外，新冠肺炎突出了超级富豪的涌入--从大都市中心向农村地区迁移，这是史密斯等人所做的。(2021)争辩将加剧农村中产阶级化的进程，并导致农村地区变得越来越排斥。因此，本研究旨在通过调查对比鲜明的农村地区的社会变化，结合资本/资产的“生产方”方法以及消费和文化认同的理论，探索农村超中产阶级化的出现，并推进对农村超中产阶级化的更深层次和更微妙的理解。这项研究还将确定和检查对比鲜明的农村地区超中产阶级化的过程和动因。此外，这项研究将评估农村超中产阶级化在多大程度上发生流离失所，发生什么形式的流离失所，以及谁和什么受此影响。