Late antique reuse of pagan temples within the framework of urban transition in the Levant (4th-8th c.)

我的研究项目集中在这座后古典城市的一个特征上，到目前为止还没有什么研究，即拜占庭和乌马亚德莱万特(现在的约旦、以色列、巴勒斯坦、黎巴嫩、叙利亚)异教寺庙的再利用。通过对建筑、修复和再利用的详细分析，它将研究城市寺庙和避难所在古代晚期(公元前4-8)是如何改造的。我的工作将是对该地区异教寺庙来世的第一次全面研究，为后期古色古香的城市改造和城市美学提供新的见解。它将使用地理信息系统对有关寺庙的建筑活动、改造、修缮和废弃的考古证据进行多尺度的比较分析。通过纳入当代文学和法律来源(如尤西比乌斯、阿尔卡夫、狄奥多斯德律法)的数据和选择重要的案例研究(如Gerasa、凯撒利亚、Palmyra)，收集的数据集将使我能够解释黎凡特城市在古典古代和中世纪之间异教寺庙转型的不断变化的社会驱动因素，也使我对社会与城市发展之间的互动有了新的了解。我已经做好了充分的准备来进行这次调查。它建立在我的硕士论文(区分)的基础上，该论文探索了拜占庭黎凡特地区异教寺庙到教堂的转变，给了我对后罗马时代东方城市中心演变中的纪念性和美学的洞察力。我在米兰大学的学习使我对罗马、拜占庭和伊斯兰世界的历史和考古学有了全面的了解。我曾选修拉丁语和希腊语到大学，接触当代资料，并掌握意大利语、英语、法语和西班牙语的阅读知识。我计划学习阿拉伯语和德语的模块，以提高我现有的这些语言的基本知识。我在意大利、摩洛哥和突尼斯的考古实地项目的经验使我对地中海的物质文化有了很好的基础，并掌握了挖掘、标准建筑分析和地理信息系统的技能。我的监督团队拥有对我的博士项目至关重要的晚期古董Levant方面的专业知识：Bowden教授的兴趣涵盖罗马和拜占庭式的东方城市演变，他在约旦的实地工作是研究神庙-教堂的转换，Kropp博士将帮助我了解罗马城背景下的神庙，而雷诺兹博士(UOB)的研究重点是晚期古董巴勒斯坦和阿拉伯的基督教。

My research project focuses on a characteristic of the post-classical city which has seen little research to date, namely the reuse of pagan temples in the Byzantine and Umayyad Levant (modern Jordan, Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria). Through a detailed analysis of construction, repair and reuse, it will examine how urban temples and sanctuaries were transformed during late antiquity (4th-8th c.). My work will be the first comprehensive study of the afterlife of pagan temples in the region, providing new insights on late antique urban transformations and civic aesthetics. It will use GIS to perform a comparative multi-scalar analysis of archaeological evidence regarding construction activity, transformation, repair and abandonment of temples. By incorporating data from contemporary literary and legal sources (e.g. Eusebius, Alculf, the Theodosian Code) and by selecting significant case-studies (e.g. Gerasa, Caesarea, Palmyra), the collected dataset will allow me to interpret the changing societal drivers of pagan temple transformation in the Levantine city between Classical antiquity and the Middle Ages, also casting a new light on the interaction between society and urban development. I am well prepared to undertake this enquiry. It builds upon my MA thesis (Distinction), which explored the conversion of pagan temples into churches in the Byzantine Levant, giving me insight intomonumentality and aesthetics in the evolution of urban centres in the post-Roman east. My studies at the University of Milan provided me with a thorough grounding in the history and archaeology of the Roman, Byzantine and Islamic world. I have taken Latin and Greek to university level to engage with contemporary sources, and have a reading knowledge of Italian, English, French and Spanish. I plan to take modules in Arabic and German to improve my existing basic knowledge in these languages as well. My experience of archaeological field projects in Italy, Morocco and Tunisia has provided me with an excellent grounding in the material culture of the Mediterranean as well as skills in excavation, standing building analysis and GIS. My supervisory team possesses the expertise on late antique Levant essential to my doctoral project: Prof Bowden's (UoN) interests cover both Roman and Byzantine urban evolution in the East, and he worked in the field in Jordan on a temple-church conversion, Dr Kropp (UoN) will help me understand the temples in the context of the Roman city, while Dr Reynolds' (UoB) research focuses on Christianity in late antique Palestine and Arabia.