The Encomium in Late Antiquity. The Rhetoric of Praise in Late Antique Greek Poetry

我的研究目的是调查赞美诗在古代晚期（公元4 - 6世纪）在埃及，为了产生一个选择的赞美诗作品（纸莎草纸，铭文）的修辞分析。虽然赞美诗在古代晚期之前就已经有了，但在这一时期，它获得了特殊的相关性和吸引力。颂诗回应了朝廷和大众的需求；这种对赞美诗的需求使其在这个时代得以发展。对古埃及晚期，特别是莎草纸上的手稿的具体研究很少，但对手稿作者的研究较少。这个项目的主要焦点是莎草纸上的赞美诗，因为它们对我们理解古代晚期日常使用的赞美诗至关重要。由于这些诗歌是专门在城市语境中创作的，它们非常重要，因为它们反映了当地的社会和政治动态，使我们能够理解赞美文学的实用功能。这些写在纸莎草纸上的诗歌文本可能是理解在学校学到的修辞戒律如何应用于与公民生活相关的特定场合（如赞美已故的公民，赞美婚礼）或在某些情况下应用于城市官员（如赞美回家的官员）的关键。本文从内容、修辞和文体三个方面对莎草书信进行了分析。从我选择的文本开始，我的主要研究目标是：1。确定传统的主题，这些主题直接来源于修辞手册（首先是米南德·修辞），并确定晚期古诗在多大程度上受到学校教授的修辞惯例和技巧的影响。这种研究晚期古诗的方法将使我们能够正确地将诗歌作为某种趋势和期望的产物语境化。2. 调查我的选集和散文集之间的关系（如加沙的普罗科匹厄斯的赞美诗，或拉丁赞美诗），以确定相互影响的可能例子。它对所有匿名作者的莎草纸赞美诗（23篇文本）提供了全面的修辞评论，并有两章专门讨论了阿佛洛狄忒斯的狄奥斯科罗斯（Dioscorus of Aphroditus）写的赞美诗（唯一可以确定是诗人写的）中修辞主题的使用，以及埃及荣誉诗句铭文中的修辞元素。事实上，它们都提供了对当地教育系统所教授的修辞戒律和这些指导的接受者的见解。这种选择的多样性将使我们更深入地了解这些诗歌在古代晚期是如何发挥实用和公共作用的，它所遵循的准则，以及它与作者在学校接受的教育是如何相关的。

My research aims to investigate encomiastic poetry in the late antiquity period (4th - 6th century AD) in Egypt, in order to produce a rhetorical analysis of a selection of encomiastic works (papyri, inscriptions). Although the encomiastic genre was already practiced before Late Antiquity, in this period it acquired particular relevance and appeal. Panegyric poetry responded to the demands of both the Imperial court and the general public; this demand for encomiastic poetry allowed its growth in this era. There have been several studies focusing on the authors of encomia, but few specific studies on encomia in late antique Egypt, especially those written on papyrus. The main focus of this project is the praise on papyrus as they are essential to our understanding of the daily use of praise in Late antiquity. Since these poems were created specifically within city contexts, they are extremely important because they reflect local social and political dynamics, allow us to understand the pragmatic function of praise literature. These poetic texts on papyrus may be the key to understanding how the rhetorical precepts learned at school were applied for specific occasions related to the life of citizens (such as praise for a deceased citizen, praise for a wedding) or in some cases for city officials (such as praise for an officer returning home). Encomiastic papyri are analysed from the point of view of content, rhetoric and literary style. Starting from my selection of texts, the main objectives of my research are: 1. to identify conventional themes, present in encomiastic compositions that were directly derived from rhetorical handbooks (first of all Menander Rhetor) and to determine the extent to which late antique poems were influenced by rhetorical conventions and techniques taught in schools. This approach to late antique poetry will enable us to correctly contextualize poems as products of certain trends and expectations. 2. to investigate the relationship between the texts of my collection and those in prose (such as the panegyrics of Procopius of Gaza, or the Latin panegyrics) to determine possible examples of mutual influence.3. It provides a comprehensive rhetorical commentary on all papyrus encomia by anonymous authors (23 texts) and two chapters specifically dedicated to the use of rhetorical topoi in the encomia written by Dioscorus of Aphroditus (the only ones whose attribution to a poet is certain) and to rhetorical elements in honorary verse inscriptions in Egypt. Indeed, they all offer insights into the rhetorical precepts taught in the local education system and the recipients of these instructions.The variety of this selection will allow a deeper understanding of how such poetry took on a pragmatic and public role in late antiquity, the codes it followed, and how it related to the education received by their authors in school.