The Encomium in Late Antiquity. The Rhetoric of Praise in Late Antique Greek Poetry

我的研究旨在考察埃及上古晚期(公元4-6世纪)的环境诗歌，以便对一批环境诗歌作品(纸莎草纸、碑文)进行修辞分析。虽然这种文体在上古晚期之前就已经出现了，但在这一时期，它获得了特别的相关性和吸引力。宫体诗回应了朝廷和普通民众的需求，这种对环境诗的需求使其在这个时代得以发展。有几个研究集中在Encomia的作者上，但很少有关于古代埃及晚期Encomia的具体研究，特别是那些写在纸莎草纸上的研究。这个项目的主要焦点是对纸莎草纸的赞美，因为它们对于我们理解晚期古代赞美的日常使用是必不可少的。由于这些诗歌是在特定的城市背景下创作的，它们非常重要，因为它们反映了当地的社会和政治动态，让我们了解赞美文学的语用功能。这些关于纸莎草纸的诗意文本可能是理解在学校学到的修辞戒律如何应用于与市民生活相关的特定场合(如赞扬已故市民、赞扬婚礼)或在某些情况下应用于城市官员(如赞扬回国的官员)的关键。从内容、修辞和文体三个方面对《纸莎草书》进行了分析。从我选择的文本开始，我的研究的主要目的是：1.确定环境作文中的传统主题，这些主题直接来自修辞手册(首先是Menander Rhetor)，并确定晚期古诗词受到学校教授的修辞习俗和技巧的影响程度。这种处理晚期古诗的方法将使我们能够正确地将诗歌作为特定趋势和预期的产物来语境。2.调查我的文集文本与散文文本之间的关系(如加沙的普罗科皮乌斯的赞美诗，或拉丁的赞美诗)，以确定相互影响的可能例子。它提供了一个全面的修辞评论所有纸莎草纸的作者(23个文本)和两章专门致力于修辞拓扑语的使用，由Dioscorus的阿佛洛狄陀斯(唯一的归属于诗人)和在埃及的荣誉诗句铭文中的修辞元素。事实上，他们都提供了对当地教育系统中教授的修辞戒律和这些指导的接受者的见解。这些选集的多样性将使人们更深入地了解这些诗歌在古代晚期是如何承担起实用和公共角色的，它所遵循的准则，以及它与作者在学校接受的教育是如何联系的。

My research aims to investigate encomiastic poetry in the late antiquity period (4th - 6th century AD) in Egypt, in order to produce a rhetorical analysis of a selection of encomiastic works (papyri, inscriptions). Although the encomiastic genre was already practiced before Late Antiquity, in this period it acquired particular relevance and appeal. Panegyric poetry responded to the demands of both the Imperial court and the general public; this demand for encomiastic poetry allowed its growth in this era. There have been several studies focusing on the authors of encomia, but few specific studies on encomia in late antique Egypt, especially those written on papyrus. The main focus of this project is the praise on papyrus as they are essential to our understanding of the daily use of praise in Late antiquity. Since these poems were created specifically within city contexts, they are extremely important because they reflect local social and political dynamics, allow us to understand the pragmatic function of praise literature. These poetic texts on papyrus may be the key to understanding how the rhetorical precepts learned at school were applied for specific occasions related to the life of citizens (such as praise for a deceased citizen, praise for a wedding) or in some cases for city officials (such as praise for an officer returning home). Encomiastic papyri are analysed from the point of view of content, rhetoric and literary style. Starting from my selection of texts, the main objectives of my research are: 1. to identify conventional themes, present in encomiastic compositions that were directly derived from rhetorical handbooks (first of all Menander Rhetor) and to determine the extent to which late antique poems were influenced by rhetorical conventions and techniques taught in schools. This approach to late antique poetry will enable us to correctly contextualize poems as products of certain trends and expectations. 2. to investigate the relationship between the texts of my collection and those in prose (such as the panegyrics of Procopius of Gaza, or the Latin panegyrics) to determine possible examples of mutual influence.3. It provides a comprehensive rhetorical commentary on all papyrus encomia by anonymous authors (23 texts) and two chapters specifically dedicated to the use of rhetorical topoi in the encomia written by Dioscorus of Aphroditus (the only ones whose attribution to a poet is certain) and to rhetorical elements in honorary verse inscriptions in Egypt. Indeed, they all offer insights into the rhetorical precepts taught in the local education system and the recipients of these instructions.The variety of this selection will allow a deeper understanding of how such poetry took on a pragmatic and public role in late antiquity, the codes it followed, and how it related to the education received by their authors in school.