Family Study of Comorbidity of Anxiety Disorders and Sub

本研究探讨了焦虑症和药物滥用的家庭传播使用的家庭研究/纵向高风险的范式相结合。本研究还调查了躯体障碍与情绪和焦虑障碍之间的共病性。主要研究结果揭示了一般焦虑症家族聚集的特异性，特别是恐慌和社交恐惧症亚型。同样，存在药物滥用的家庭聚集现象，并暗示某些药物具有特异性。相比之下，虽然没有证据表明尼古丁依赖的垂直传播，但兄弟姐妹之间尼古丁依赖的风险增加。关于身体障碍，研究发现焦虑症与一般身体障碍的关系最密切，有证据表明偏头痛与焦虑和情绪障碍在家庭中共同传播。 对患有这些疾病的父母的后代进行了为期10年的前瞻性研究，以确定父母疾病的早期体征和表现。一个全面的域的个人，家庭和社会风险因素的影响和控制父母的后代之间的评估。结果表明，有特异性的表达焦虑症的青年，相比之下，行为障碍更强烈地与父母的精神病理学和破坏家庭环境一般比特定的父母疾病。许多间接测量大脑功能的异常也区分了患有焦虑症和药物滥用的父母的后代，以及患有注意力缺陷障碍的儿童。这些发现与他们易受这些疾病影响的先天性/发育基础一致。 本研究的数据收集是在耶鲁大学完成的，主要研究者？她搬到了NIMH。本节的资源用于完成本研究报告的分析。在过去一年中进行的分析包括：吸烟的家族聚集性;偏头痛和情感障碍的共病和共病;大麻依赖的家族聚集性和共病;偏头痛和酒精使用障碍之间的反向家族关联;焦虑症和药物使用障碍的选择性交配;在一项对高危青年的前瞻性研究中，精神障碍作为药物使用障碍的脆弱性因素;酗酒父母的后代中精神病理学的脆弱性因素;青年焦虑症发展的性别差异;青春期发育、年龄和增强惊吓;注意力缺陷障碍青年的社会功能轨迹;注意力缺陷障碍的神经学相关因素;偏头痛父母的后代中偏头痛的脆弱性因素。SDGE的学员和工作人员正在使用这些数据，以提高他们使用统计程序和方法的技能，并获得精神病学和神经病学流行病学和遗传学研究的知识。此外，这些数据为我们部门目前正在进行的研究提供了假设基础。

This study examined the familial transmission of anxiety disorders and substance abuse using a combination of the family study/longitudinal high risk paradigms. This study also investigated comorbidity between physical disorders and mood and anxiety disorders. The chief findings reveal specificity of familial aggregation of anxiety disorders in general and the panic and social phobia subtypes in particular. Likewise, there was familial aggregation of substance abuse, with some suggestion of specificity of specific drugs. In contrast, although there was no evidence for vertical transmission of nicotine dependence, there was an increased risk of nicotine dependence among siblings. With respect to physical disorders, it was found that anxiety disorders were most strongly associated with physical disorders in general, and that there was evidence for co-transmission of migraine with anxiety and mood disorders in families. A 10-year prospective study of the offspring of parents with these conditions was conducted in order to identify the early signs and manifestations of parental disorders. A comprehensive domain of assessments of individual, familial and social risk factors among the offspring of affected and control parents was employed. The results reveal that there was specificity of expression of anxiety disorders in youth; by contrast, behavior disorders were more strongly associated with parental psychopathology and disrupted home environments in general than with specific parental disorders. Numerous abnormalities in the indirect measures of brain functioning also discriminated between offspring of parents with anxiety disorders and substance abuse, as well as children with attention deficit disorder. These findings are consistent with a congenital/developmental basis for their vulnerability to these conditions. Data collection of this study was completed at Yale University before the Principal Investigator?s relocation to the NIMH. The resources of our section have been devoted to completing the analyses of this study. Analyses conducted during the past year include: familial aggregation of smoking; comorbidity and co-aggregation of migraine and affective disorders; familial aggregation and comorbidity of cannabis dependence; inverse familial association between migraine and alcohol use disorders; assortative mating for anxiety disorders and substance use disorders; mental disorders as vulnerability factors for substance use disorders in a prospective study of high risk youth; vulnerability factors for psychopathology among offspring of alcoholic parents; sex differences in the development of anxiety disorders in youth; pubertal development, age and potentiated startle; trajectories of social functioning among youths with attention deficit disorder; neurologic correlates of attention deficit disorder; and vulnerability factors for migraine in offspring of parents with migraine. These data are being used by trainees and staff in SDGE to advance their skill in the use of statistical programs and methods, as well as to gain knowledge of epidemiologic and genetic research in psychiatry and neurology. In addition, these data provide a hypothetical basis for the current studies that are now underway in our Section.