Translating Theory to Practice to Diversify the Biomedical Research Community

将理论转化为实践，实现生物医学研究界的多元化

• 批准号: 8070158
• 负责人: Richard McGee
• 金额: $ 199.99万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-30 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8070158
• 关键词: Athletic; Biomedical Research; Career Choice; Cognitive; Communities; Community Practice; Complement; Development; Discipline; Doctor of Philosophy; Electronics; Goals; Group Practice; Human Development; Hybrids; Individual; Knowledge; Mediating; Mentors; Minority Groups; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Population; Process; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research Training; Scientist; Self Efficacy; Social Network; Social Sciences; Students; Talents; Testing; Thinking; Training; Translating; Unconscious State; base; biomedical scientist; career; cohort; expectation; insight; interest; meetings; research study; social; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The historical approaches to training biomedical scientists have been very successful at creating a talented, creative, community of scientists, but have failed to produce meaningful improvement in the participation of individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic minority (URM) groups in this community. The thesis of this proposal is that the absence of change is an unintended consequence of the fundamental culture and practices of biomedical research and research training. The culture and practices can be well modeled and interpreted drawing on several well-established social science theories, including: 1) Communities of Practice, which describes how individuals with common interests and goals engage to achieve those goals, especially the processes by which new individuals enter the group, gradually acquire (or fail to acquire) the informal knowledge and practices of the group, and become full participants; 2) Social Cognitive Career Theory, through which its variables of self-efficacy, outcome expectations, personal goals, and contextual supports/barriers provide insights into forces guiding individual development and career choices; 3) a comparison of the strengths and inherent limitations of mentoring (as practiced in biomedical research training) versus coaching (as practiced in the development of athletic talents). From these theoretical frameworks, an experiment is proposed to test the hypothesis that: a hybrid model employing sophisticated coaches to complement what scientific mentors typically provide can mitigate the unconscious processes that significantly impair professional advancement of young URM scientists. The experiment would be a randomized controlled trial of a coaching-based model for a diverse cohort of 160 PhD students who have a strong desire to pursue academic careers. A community of these individuals would be created from around the U.S. and sustained through an annual professional development sequence, periodic electronic meetings throughout the years, and a mediated social network to sustain professional development and progress toward an academic career. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: To continue and enhance the prominence of the U.S. in biomedical research, we must find ways to identify, develop and employ the talents of a broader spectrum of our population. The proposed model represents a substantial shift in thinking and approach, and challenges conventional assumptions and practices, but if successful could finally achieve a breakthrough in the efforts to diversifying the biomedical workforce. It also could be applied to many disciplines and talent pools because it is a generalized model that more systematically approaches development of human talents starting from well-developed social science principles.

描述（由申请人提供）：培养生物医学科学家的历史方法在创造一个有才华的，有创造力的科学家社区方面非常成功，但未能在这个社区中代表性不足的种族和少数民族（URM）群体的个人参与方面产生有意义的改善。这一建议的论点是，缺乏变化是生物医学研究和研究培训的基本文化和实践的意外后果。文化和实践可以很好地建模和解释借鉴几个成熟的社会科学理论，包括：1）实践社区，它描述了具有共同利益和目标的个人如何参与实现这些目标，特别是新个人进入群体的过程，逐渐获得（或未能获得）该群体的非正式知识和做法，并成为正式参与者;（2）社会认知生涯理论，通过对自我效能、结果期望、个人目标、和背景支持/障碍提供了对指导个人发展和职业选择的力量的见解; 3）比较指导（如在生物医学研究培训中所实践的）与教练（如在运动人才的发展中所实践的）的优势和固有局限性。从这些理论框架中，提出了一个实验来测试的假设，即：一个混合模型，采用先进的教练，以补充科学导师通常提供可以减轻无意识的过程，显着损害年轻的URM科学家的专业发展。该实验将是一项基于教练模式的随机对照试验，针对160名具有强烈追求学术事业愿望的博士生。这些人的社区将从美国各地创建，并通过年度专业发展序列，多年来定期的电子会议和中介社交网络来维持专业发展和学术生涯的进展。 公共卫生关系：为了继续和加强美国在生物医学研究方面的突出地位，我们必须找到方法来识别，开发和雇用更广泛的人才。拟议的模式代表了思维和方法的重大转变，并挑战了传统的假设和实践，但如果成功，最终可能会在生物医学劳动力多元化的努力中取得突破。它也可以应用于许多学科和人才库，因为它是一个广义的模型，从完善的社会科学原理出发，更系统地探讨人类才能的发展。