Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Decision-Making

决策中的认知和情感过程

• 批准号: 7081647
• 负责人: ALAN SANFEY
• 金额: $ 7.55万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7081647
• 关键词: behavior prediction; behavioral /social science research tag; brain mapping; choice; clinical research; cognition; decision making; emotions; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; neural information processing; neuropsychology; psychological tests; social competition; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project proposes a series of experiments that will contribute to the burgeoning field of neuroeconomics, which attempts understand the component processes of decision-making by examining both behavior and the underlying neural substrates. The proposed studies seek to begin specifying the mechanisms of decisions, in particular the cognitive and emotional components that make up the decision-making process. Emotional influences on decision-making have been largely ignored for many years, but recent interest in how our emotional states can affect the type of decisions we make offer an exciting opportunity to broaden our knowledge of this most important process. Specifically, the proposed experiments will use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain function of people engaged in economic decision- making. This proposal builds on previous work by the author examining the cognitive and emotional processes underlying human decision-making. In a prior study, we found reliable, independent patterns of neural activity corresponding to emotional and cognitive biases in a well-studied task of economic decision- making known as the Ultimatum Game. In this game, participants are placed in a consequential social interaction with another person, and decisions are made which correspond to emotional or cognitive motives. In the present proposal, hypotheses generated in this previous study will be systematically tested, and pilot data generated for future research submissions. The degree to which emotion and cognition affect decisions will be explored in greater depth, via the use of variants of the Ultimatum Game and fMRI. This research will also have broader implications for assessment and treatment of, neurological and psychiatric disorders that are often accompanied by poor decision-making abilities. A fuller understanding of the processes and structures involved in normal decision-making may greatly help characterize the decision-making deficits of patients suffering from these disorders and suggest avenues for the future treatment.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目提出了一系列实验，将有助于新兴的神经经济学领域，试图通过检查行为和潜在的神经基质来理解决策的组成过程。拟议的研究试图开始具体说明决策的机制，特别是构成决策过程的认知和情感成分。多年来，情绪对决策的影响在很大程度上被忽视了，但最近对我们的情绪状态如何影响我们所做的决定类型的兴趣提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，以扩大我们对这一最重要过程的了解。具体来说，拟议中的实验将使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）来测量从事经济决策的人的大脑功能。这一建议建立在作者以前的工作基础上，研究了人类决策的认知和情感过程。在之前的一项研究中，我们发现了可靠的、独立的神经活动模式，这些模式对应于一项被广泛研究的经济决策任务--最后通牒游戏中的情感和认知偏见。在这个游戏中，参与者被置于与另一个人的社会互动中，并做出与情感或认知动机相对应的决定。在本提案中，将系统地测试先前研究中产生的假设，并为未来的研究提交生成试点数据。情感和认知对决策的影响程度将通过最后通牒博弈和功能磁共振成像的变体进行更深入的探讨。这项研究还将对评估和治疗神经和精神疾病产生更广泛的影响，这些疾病往往伴随着决策能力差。更充分地了解正常决策的过程和结构，可能会大大有助于描述患有这些疾病的患者的决策缺陷，并为未来的治疗提出建议。