Study of Prevalent Neurotoxicants in Children

儿童中常见神经毒物的研究

• 批准号: 7117509
• 负责人: BRUCE P LANPHEAR
• 金额: $ 73.45万
• 依托单位: CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-30 至 2006-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7117509
• 关键词: environmental exposure; environmental toxicology; neurotoxicology

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Exposure to numerous environmental agents, including lead, mercury, PCBs, and environmental tobacco smoke, has been linked with adverse neurobehavioral effects. Still, the ideal biomarker fof measuring in utero exposure to specific toxicants has not been established and the adverse effects of many potential neurotoxicants have not been rigorously tested. Fetal exposure is typically measured with self-reported surveys, maternal blood and urine, or cord blood. In contrast, meconium as a biomarker is a non-invasive method to simultaneously test for cumulative exposures to numerous toxicants. But it is unclear whether conventional biomarkers or meconium levels are more predictive of the adverse effects linked with specific toxicants. For lead exposure, emerging data indicate that our efforts should emphasize primary prevention, but the efficacy of lead hazard controls are uncertain, especially for children with low blood lead concentrations. The investigators propose to conduct a cohort study of 400 children, followed from less than 16 weeks gestation to 36 months if age, to examine the effect of low-level exposures to prevalent neurotoxicants. Endpoints include behavioral problems, such as conduct disorder and features consistent with ADHD, cognitive deficits, and hearing loss. The investigators will also conduct a nested, randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of lead hazard controls on the development of adverse neurobehavioral effects. They will test the following hypotheses: 1) Children in the Lead Reduction Group will have blood lead levels that are 2.7 ug/dL (30%) or lower, significantly higher cognitive scores, less hearing loss, and fewer behavioral problems than one Control group at 36 months of age. 2) Fetal and postnatal exposures to pesticides, ETS and lead (at blood levels below 10 ug/dL) are associated with adverse neurobehavioral effects, growth delay and hearing loss in early childhood. 3) Fetal exposures, as measured by survey (ETS), maternal and cord blood (lead, methyl mercury, pesticides and ETS), and urine (pesticides), are less predictive of the adverse effects of toxicants on cognition, behavioral problems and hearing, compared with the same toxicants in meconium. This project, in combination with the research described in Project 2, will test the efficacy of an intervention for the primary prevention of lead toxicity, as measured by lead concentration and neurobehavioral functioning at 36 months of age, serve as a model to evaluate the adverse effects of exposures to multiple prevalent toxicants among fetuses and children test meconium levels as a biomarker of fetal exposure to numerous toxicants, and provide exposure and risk assessment data for residential pesticides.

描述（由申请人提供） 接触多种环境因子，包括铅、汞、多氯联苯和 环境烟草烟雾与不良的神经行为有关 方面的影响.尽管如此，理想的生物标志物测量子宫内暴露于 具体的毒物尚未确定，许多有毒物质的不良影响 潜在的神经毒物尚未经过严格测试。胎儿暴露为 通常通过自我报告的调查、母体血液和尿液进行测量，或 脐带血相比之下，胎粪作为生物标志物是一种非侵入性方法， 同时测试对多种毒物的累积暴露。但 不清楚传统的生物标志物或胎粪水平是否更具有预测性 与特定毒物有关的不良影响。对于铅暴露， 新出现的数据表明，我们的努力应强调初级预防， 但铅危害控制的有效性尚不确定，特别是 血铅浓度低的儿童。研究人员建议 对400名儿童进行队列研究， 怀孕至36个月（如果年龄），以检查低水平暴露对 普遍的神经毒物终点包括行为问题，例如 行为障碍和与ADHD、认知缺陷一致的特征，以及 听力损失研究者还将进行一项嵌套的随机 对照试验，以测试铅危害控制对 不良神经行为影响的发展。他们将测试以下内容 假设：1）减少铅摄入组的儿童将有血铅 水平为2.7 ug/dL（30%）或更低，认知能力显著提高 与对照组相比， 36个月龄的组。2)胎儿和产后接触农药， ETS和铅（血液水平低于10 ug/dL）与不良 神经行为影响、生长延迟和儿童早期听力损失。 3)通过调查（ETS）、母体血液和脐带血测量的胎儿暴露 (lead、甲基汞、农药和ETS）和尿液（农药）， 预测有毒物质对认知、行为 问题和听力，与胎粪中相同的毒物相比。 该项目结合项目中所述的研究， 2、将检验一级预防干预措施的有效性 铅毒性，通过铅浓度和神经行为测定 在36个月大的时候，作为一个模型来评估不利的 胎儿接触多种流行毒物的影响， 儿童测试胎粪水平作为胎儿暴露于多种 有毒物质，并提供接触和风险评估数据， 农药