EID - Effects of avian migration & anthropogenic change on the distribution & tra

EID - 鸟类迁徙的影响

• 批准号: 7265022
• 负责人: THOMAS B SMITH
• 金额: $ 80.93万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7265022
• 关键词: Aves; clinical research; disease outbreaks; emotions; human; lead; model; training

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although human-induced habitat disturbances are known to be the primary drivers of numerous infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events, the impact of global anthropogenic change on the wildlife ecology of diseases remains under-studied. Wild birds have also often been implicated in the spread of numerous zoonotic diseases leading to global pandemics. In particular, migrating birds, which have the potential to disseminate diseases over a wide geographic area, are believed to be currently spreading avian influenza viruses across the globe. Influenza A viruses are perpetuated in wild birds that act as a reservoir for the disease, but surprisingly, most of the research focus has been on waterfowl, and almost nothing is known about the prevalence and transmission of influenza among other bird species. Yet, species of terrestrial birds may share the same habitat as poultry, which may make them more effective transmitters of disease to humans than aquatic species such as waterfowl. Evidence suggests that prevalence in other avian species, notably Passeriformes, may have been greatly underestimated. The proposed research will examine the role that North American migratory passerines play in the dispersion of avian influenza strains between breeding sites in Canada and the U.S. and wintering sites in Mexico and Central and South America. By mapping the geographic distribution of viral strains onto migratory pathways, it will be possible to evaluate how anthropogenic environmental changes affect the prevalence and transmission dynamics of avian influenza strains between migratory birds and non-migratory species associated with humans. In addition, patterns of transmission between birds and humans will be examined. The specific goals of this project are to: 1. Determine the distribution and prevalence of avian influenza strains in Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds. 2. Determine the extent to which the distributions of pathogens correlate with identified patterns of migratory connectivity. 3. Determine whether viral strains are transmitted to humans and assess how their distributions in humans relate to their overall distribution in birds. 4. Determine, using remote sensing data, the environmental variables that are most closely associated with the prevalence of avian influenza, and develop models that will aid in the prediction of how anthropogenic changes in habitat will affect transmission dynamics (i) between migratory species, (ii) between migratory and resident species, and (Hi) between birds and humans at wintering, breeding and migratory stopover sites. Intellectual Merit: This research will provide some of the first data on the evolutionary relationship of viral diseases in migratory avifauna. Data provided by spatially refined satellite remote sensing will establish which ecological and land use characteristics best correlate with disease prevalence. These results will be used to develop models that will aid in predicting how future anthropogenic ecological changes may affect disease prevalence and transmission. Furthermore, the sampling methodology provides for an extensive avian surveillance network for avian influenza across the Americas. Broader Impact: To carry out this research, a multidisciplinary team of experts has been assembled with expertise in avian field ecology, molecular genetics, parasitology, epidemiology, ecological modeling, high-throughput laboratory technology and remote sensing. Research and training activities of the research program will help provide young scientists with the cross-disciplinary, integrative training necessary to address complex issues in biodiversity analysis and conservation. The international portions of the research will build on existing relationships to provide greater opportunity for students and professionals from developing countries to receive advanced training leading to increased capacity for high level research and conservation. Ecological factors that contribute significantly to the spread of disease will be used to predict how future land use changes may affect disease outbreaks, thus leading to more informed policy decisions. Finally, we will share our results with public health organizations and the scientific community in a timely fashion in order to maximize the public good.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管已知人类引起的栖息地干扰是许多传染病暴发和出现事件的主要驱动因素，但全球人为变化对野生动物疾病生态的影响仍未得到充分研究。野生鸟类也经常与导致全球流行病的多种人畜共患疾病的传播有关。特别是候鸟，它们有可能在广泛的地理区域传播疾病，据信目前正在全球范围内传播禽流感病毒。甲型流感病毒在作为该疾病储存库的野生鸟类中长期存在，但令人惊讶的是，大多数研究重点都集中在水禽上，而对流感在其他鸟类中的流行和传播几乎一无所知。然而，陆生鸟类可能与家禽共享相同的栖息地，这可能使它们比水禽等水生物种更有效地向人类传播疾病。有证据表明，其他鸟类，尤其是雀形目的流行率可能被大大低估了。拟议的研究将研究北美迁徙雀形目鸟类在加拿大和美国的繁殖地以及墨西哥和中美洲和南美洲的越冬地之间禽流感病毒株的传播中所发挥的作用。通过将病毒株的地理分布绘制到迁徙路径上，将有可能评估人为环境变化如何影响候鸟和与人类相关的非迁徙物种之间禽流感病毒株的流行和传播动态。此外，还将检查鸟类和人类之间的传播模式。该项目的具体目标是： 1. 确定近北新热带候鸟中禽流感毒株的分布和流行情况。 2. 确定病原体的分布与已确定的迁移连接模式的相关程度。 3. 确定病毒株是否会传播给人类，并评估它们在人类中的分布与它们在鸟类中总体分布的关系。 4. 利用遥感数据确定与禽流感流行最密切相关的环境变量，并开发模型，帮助预测栖息地的人为变化将如何影响传播动态（i）迁徙物种之间，（ii）迁徙物种和常住物种之间，以及（Hi）越冬、繁殖期间鸟类和人类之间的传播动态 和迁徙停留地。 智力价值：这项研究将提供一些有关迁徙鸟类病毒性疾病进化关系的首批数据。空间精细卫星遥感提供的数据将确定哪些生态和土地利用特征与疾病流行最相关。这些结果将用于开发模型，帮助预测未来的人为生态变化可能如何影响疾病的流行和传播。此外，采样方法为整个美洲的禽流感提供了广泛的禽类监测网络。 更广泛的影响：为了开展这项研究，组建了一支多学科专家团队，他们拥有鸟类野外生态学、分子遗传学、寄生虫学、流行病学、生态模型、高通量实验室技术和遥感方面的专业知识。该研究计划的研究和培训活动将有助于为年轻科学家提供解决生物多样性分析和保护中复杂问题所需的跨学科综合培训。该研究的国际部分将建立在现有关系的基础上，为发展中国家的学生和专业人员提供更多机会接受高级培训，从而提高高水平研究和保护的能力。对疾病传播有重大影响的生态因素将被用来预测未来土地利用变化如何影响疾病爆发，从而做出更明智的政策决策。最后，我们将及时与公共卫生组织和科学界分享我们的成果，以最大限度地实现公共利益。