EID - Effects of avian migration & anthropogenic change on the distribution & tra

EID - 鸟类迁徙的影响

• 批准号: 7286293
• 负责人: THOMAS B SMITH
• 金额: $ 68.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7286293
• 关键词: Address; Affect; American; Americas; Avian Influenza; Avian Influenza A Virus; Biodiversity; Birds; Breeding; Canada; Characteristics; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Complex; Data; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Reservoirs; Domestic Fowls; Ecological Change; Ecology; Epidemiology; Event; Future; Geographic Distribution; Geographic Locations; Goals; Habitats; Human; Influenza A virus; International; Laboratories; Maps; Medical Surveillance; Methodology; Mexico; Modeling; Molecular Genetics; Parasitology; Passeriformes; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Play; Policies; Prevalence; Public Health; Research; Research Training; Role; Sampling; Scientist; Site; South America; Students; Technology; Training; Training Activity; Viral; Virus Diseases; anthropogenesis; environmental change; flu transmission; health organization; land use; migration; migratory bird; multidisciplinary; pandemic disease; pathogen; programs; remote sensing; transmission process; wild bird

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although human-induced habitat disturbances are known to be the primary drivers of numerous infectious disease outbreaks and emergence events, the impact of global anthropogenic change on the wildlife ecology of diseases remains under-studied. Wild birds have also often been implicated in the spread of numerous zoonotic diseases leading to global pandemics. In particular, migrating birds, which have the potential to disseminate diseases over a wide geographic area, are believed to be currently spreading avian influenza viruses across the globe. Influenza A viruses are perpetuated in wild birds that act as a reservoir for the disease, but surprisingly, most of the research focus has been on waterfowl, and almost nothing is known about the prevalence and transmission of influenza among other bird species. Yet, species of terrestrial birds may share the same habitat as poultry, which may make them more effective transmitters of disease to humans than aquatic species such as waterfowl. Evidence suggests that prevalence in other avian species, notably Passeriformes, may have been greatly underestimated. The proposed research will examine the role that North American migratory passerines play in the dispersion of avian influenza strains between breeding sites in Canada and the U.S. and wintering sites in Mexico and Central and South America. By mapping the geographic distribution of viral strains onto migratory pathways, it will be possible to evaluate how anthropogenic environmental changes affect the prevalence and transmission dynamics of avian influenza strains between migratory birds and non-migratory species associated with humans. In addition, patterns of transmission between birds and humans will be examined. The specific goals of this project are to: 1. Determine the distribution and prevalence of avian influenza strains in Nearctic-Neotropical migratory birds. 2. Determine the extent to which the distributions of pathogens correlate with identified patterns of migratory connectivity. 3. Determine whether viral strains are transmitted to humans and assess how their distributions in humans relate to their overall distribution in birds. 4. Determine, using remote sensing data, the environmental variables that are most closely associated with the prevalence of avian influenza, and develop models that will aid in the prediction of how anthropogenic changes in habitat will affect transmission dynamics (i) between migratory species, (ii) between migratory and resident species, and (Hi) between birds and humans at wintering, breeding and migratory stopover sites. Intellectual Merit: This research will provide some of the first data on the evolutionary relationship of viral diseases in migratory avifauna. Data provided by spatially refined satellite remote sensing will establish which ecological and land use characteristics best correlate with disease prevalence. These results will be used to develop models that will aid in predicting how future anthropogenic ecological changes may affect disease prevalence and transmission. Furthermore, the sampling methodology provides for an extensive avian surveillance network for avian influenza across the Americas. Broader Impact: To carry out this research, a multidisciplinary team of experts has been assembled with expertise in avian field ecology, molecular genetics, parasitology, epidemiology, ecological modeling, high-throughput laboratory technology and remote sensing. Research and training activities of the research program will help provide young scientists with the cross-disciplinary, integrative training necessary to address complex issues in biodiversity analysis and conservation. The international portions of the research will build on existing relationships to provide greater opportunity for students and professionals from developing countries to receive advanced training leading to increased capacity for high level research and conservation. Ecological factors that contribute significantly to the spread of disease will be used to predict how future land use changes may affect disease outbreaks, thus leading to more informed policy decisions. Finally, we will share our results with public health organizations and the scientific community in a timely fashion in order to maximize the public good.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管已知人类引起的栖息地障碍是许多传染病暴发和出现事件的主要驱动因素，但全球人为变化对疾病野生动植物生态的影响仍然不足。野生鸟也经常与导致全球大流行病的许多人畜共患病的传播有关。特别是，据信，迁移的鸟类有可能在广泛的地理区域传播疾病，但据信目前正在全球传播禽流感病毒。流感A病毒在野生鸟类中一直存在于该疾病的储层中，但令人惊讶的是，大多数研究重点都放在水禽上，而对于其他鸟类中流感的流行和传播几乎一无所知。然而，陆生鸟类可能与家禽具有相同的栖息地，这可能使它们比水禽等水生物种更有效地向人类疾病。有证据表明，其他鸟类的患病率，尤其是胸膜形，可能被大大低估了。拟议的研究将研究北美候选雀形的作用，在加拿大与美国与美国以及墨西哥以及中美洲和南美洲的越冬地点之间在鸟类流感菌株分散中发挥的作用。通过将病毒菌株的地理分布映射到迁移途径上，可以评估人为环境变化如何影响迁移鸟类和与人类相关的非迁移性物种之间鸟类流感菌株的普遍性和传播动力学。此外，将检查鸟类和人之间传播的模式。该项目的具体目标是： 1。确定近环性候鸟中鸟类流感菌株的分布和患病率。 2。确定病原体分布与确定的迁移连接模式的分布程度。 3.确定病毒菌株是否传播给人类，并评估其在人类中的分布与它们在鸟类中的整体分布之间的关系。 4.使用遥感数据确定与禽流感的流行率最紧密相关的环境变量，并开发模型，这些模型将有助于预测栖息地的人为变化如何影响迁徙物种之间的传播动态（i），（i）在迁移和居民之间的迁徙和（ii）之间的鸟类和（hi）在鸟类和人类之间的繁殖，以及（HI）的繁殖，（i） 和迁移中途停留地点。 智力优点：这项研究将提供一些有关迁徙avifauna病毒疾病进化关系的第一个数据。由空间精制的卫星遥感提供的数据将确定哪种生态和土地利用特征最能与疾病患病率相关。这些结果将用于开发模型，以帮助预测未来的人为生态变化如何影响疾病的患病率和传播。此外，采样方法为整个美洲的禽流感提供了广泛的鸟类监视网络。 更广泛的影响：为了进行这项研究，一个多学科的专家团队已在禽场生态学，分子遗传学，寄生虫学，流行病学，生态建模，高通量实验室技术和遥感方面的专业知识组成。研究计划的研究和培训活动将有助于为年轻科学家提供跨学科的综合培训，以解决生物多样性分析和保护中的复杂问题。该研究的国际部分将建立在现有关系的基础上，为发展中国家的学生和专业人员提供更大的机会，从而获得高级培训，从而增加了高水平研究和保护的能力。对疾病传播产生重大贡献的生态因素将用于预测未来的土地使用变化如何影响疾病暴发，从而导致更明智的政策决策。最后，我们将及时与公共卫生组织和科学界分享我们的结果，以最大程度地提高公共利益。