Gender preference and maternal stress in China

中国的性别偏好与母亲压力

• 批准号: 7018898
• 负责人: KEK-KHEE LOO
• 金额: $ 12.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7018898
• 关键词: China; anxiety; child psychology; clinical research; cortisol; embryo /fetus monitoring; family structure /dynamics; human subject; hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis; infant human (0-1 year); international cooperation; interview; longitudinal human study; maternal behavior; mother child interaction; pregnancy; prejudice; prenatal stress; psychological stressor; sex; sex roles

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant: This proposal describes a 5-year training program for the development of an academic career in developmental Studies. The principal investigator is a board certified Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician who would like to train in cultural research, fetal biobehavioral assessment, and mother-infant interaction. His mentor is Prof Patricia Greenfield (UCLA) and co-mentor is Prof Janet DiPietro (Johns Hopkins). The pressure from families on the mother to conform to societal standards and traditional cultural beliefs may affect maternal, fetal and child well being. It has implications on maternal and child mental health, and is a universal public health concern. In countries where the status of women is low, girl child undesirability is associated with adverse outcomes for the female fetus and child, including increased mortality and morbidity. In China, the one-child policy is thought to heighten the strain in many families to produce a male child. The proposed study has two main goals. The first is to examine whether familial expectation to have a male child in China fosters higher levels of maternal psychological distress during pregnancy, thereby generating effects mediated through maternal physiological alterations on the developing fetus. The second is to determine whether maternal anxiety over the gender of the fetus, with postnatal modulation of anxiety depending on the gender of the child, may be associated with the quality of mother-son and mother-daughter interaction. This cohort study will comprise two groups (rural and urban Chinese) of 100 families each. Families will be recruited at 15 weeks gestational age (T1), and followed up at: 30 and 36 weeks prenatally, and 3 months post term age (T2, T3 and T4 respectively). Familial gender preference, maternal conjecture of fetus' gender, maternal anxiety related to fetus' gender, and maternal pregnancy-related anxiety, will be assessed by semistructured interviews at T1, T2 and T3. Fetal heart rate and movement data will be measured using fetal actocardiography at T2 and T3. At T4, mother-child interaction and maternal anxiety as a new parent will be assessed. Maternal HPA-axis activation will be measured at T1, T2, T3 and T4 by salivary cortisol levels.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案描述了一个为期5年的发展研究学术生涯的培训计划。首席研究员是一位经过董事会认证的发育行为儿科医生，他希望在文化研究、胎儿生物行为评估和母婴互动方面进行培训。他的导师是Patricia Greenfield教授（UCLA）和Janet DiPietro教授（Johns Hopkins）。家庭对母亲施加的遵守社会标准和传统文化信仰的压力可能会影响母亲、胎儿和儿童的健康。它影响到孕产妇和儿童的心理健康，是一个普遍关注的公共卫生问题。在妇女地位较低的国家，女孩不受欢迎与女性胎儿和儿童的不良后果有关，包括死亡率和发病率增加。在中国，独生子女政策被认为加剧了许多家庭生男孩的压力。这项提议的研究有两个主要目标。首先是研究中国家庭对男孩的期望是否会在怀孕期间增加母亲的心理困扰水平，从而通过母亲的生理改变对胎儿发育产生影响。第二是确定母亲对胎儿性别的焦虑，以及产后根据胎儿性别调节的焦虑，是否可能与母子和母女互动的质量有关。本队列研究将包括两组（中国农村和城市），每组100个家庭。在15周孕龄（T1）时招募家庭，并在产前30周和36周以及足月后3个月（分别为T2、T3和T4）时进行随访。在T1、T2和T3通过半结构化访谈评估家族性别偏好、母体对胎儿性别的猜测、母体对胎儿性别的焦虑和母体妊娠相关焦虑。在T2和T3使用胎儿心电图测量胎儿心率和运动数据。在T4，评估母子互动和母亲作为新父母的焦虑。在T1， T2， T3和T4时，通过唾液皮质醇水平测量母体hpa轴的激活。