Gender preference and maternal stress in China

中国的性别偏好与母亲压力

• 批准号: 7483580
• 负责人: KEK-KHEE LOO
• 金额: $ 12.18万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7483580
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Anxiety; Area; Attitude; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Belief; Biological; Birth; Buffers; Characteristics; Child; Child Mental Health; China; Chinese People; Cohort Studies; Communities; Condition; Conflict (Psychology); Country; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Data; Daughter; Depression and Suicide; Development; Developmental Process; Disclosure; Discrimination; Disease; Distress; Emotional; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Exclusion Criteria; Exhibits; Family; Family member; Fathers; Female; Fetal Heart Rate; Fetal Movement; Fetal Research; Fetus; Fortune; Fostering; Gender; Gestational Age; Goals; Heart Rate; Husband; Hydrocortisone; Infant; Infant Behavior; Interview; Knowledge; Laws; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Mentors; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; Motor Activity; Movement; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurosecretory Systems; One Child Policy; Outcome; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Physiological; Pilot Projects; Plasma; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Principal Investigator; Process; Program Development; Psychological Stress; Public Health; Purpose; Rate; Recruitment Activity; Reporting; Research Personnel; Risk; Rural; Salivary; Selective Abortion; Signal Transduction; Site; Societies; Son; Standards of Weights and Measures; Stress; Structure; Support of Research; Theoretical model; Thinking; Training; Training Programs; Ultrasonography; Urination; Week; Woman; Women Status; base; biobehavior; boys; career; child well being; cohort; cost; desire; end of life; expectation; experience; fetal; follow-up; gender preference; girls; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; in utero; indexing; infancy; male; maternal depression; maternal stress; men; mortality; neurobehavior; pediatrician; postnatal; preference; prenatal; pressure; prevent; programs; psychological distress; psychosocial; response; rural area; sex; social; sound; urban area; vocalization

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant: This proposal describes a 5-year training program for the development of an academic career in developmental Studies. The principal investigator is a board certified Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrician who would like to train in cultural research, fetal biobehavioral assessment, and mother-infant interaction. His mentor is Prof Patricia Greenfield (UCLA) and co-mentor is Prof Janet DiPietro (Johns Hopkins). The pressure from families on the mother to conform to societal standards and traditional cultural beliefs may affect maternal, fetal and child well being. It has implications on maternal and child mental health, and is a universal public health concern. In countries where the status of women is low, girl child undesirability is associated with adverse outcomes for the female fetus and child, including increased mortality and morbidity. In China, the one-child policy is thought to heighten the strain in many families to produce a male child. The proposed study has two main goals. The first is to examine whether familial expectation to have a male child in China fosters higher levels of maternal psychological distress during pregnancy, thereby generating effects mediated through maternal physiological alterations on the developing fetus. The second is to determine whether maternal anxiety over the gender of the fetus, with postnatal modulation of anxiety depending on the gender of the child, may be associated with the quality of mother-son and mother-daughter interaction. This cohort study will comprise two groups (rural and urban Chinese) of 100 families each. Families will be recruited at 15 weeks gestational age (T1), and followed up at: 30 and 36 weeks prenatally, and 3 months post term age (T2, T3 and T4 respectively). Familial gender preference, maternal conjecture of fetus' gender, maternal anxiety related to fetus' gender, and maternal pregnancy-related anxiety, will be assessed by semistructured interviews at T1, T2 and T3. Fetal heart rate and movement data will be measured using fetal actocardiography at T2 and T3. At T4, mother-child interaction and maternal anxiety as a new parent will be assessed. Maternal HPA-axis activation will be measured at T1, T2, T3 and T4 by salivary cortisol levels.

描述(由申请人提供：本建议书描述了一项为期5年的发展研究学术生涯发展培训计划。首席研究员是一名委员会认证的发育-行为儿科医生，他希望接受文化研究、胎儿生物行为评估和母婴互动方面的培训。他的导师是加州大学洛杉矶分校的帕特里夏·格林菲尔德教授，共同导师是约翰斯·霍普金斯大学的珍妮特·迪皮特罗教授。家庭要求母亲遵守社会标准和传统文化信仰的压力可能会影响产妇、胎儿和儿童的健康。它对孕产妇和儿童的心理健康有影响，是一个普遍的公共卫生问题。在妇女地位较低的国家，女婴不受欢迎与女婴和儿童的不良后果有关，包括增加死亡率和发病率。在中国，独生子女政策被认为会增加许多家庭生育男孩的压力。这项拟议的研究有两个主要目标。第一个是考察中国家想要男孩的家庭是否会在怀孕期间培养更高水平的母亲心理痛苦，从而通过母亲对发育中的胎儿的生理变化产生影响。第二个是确定母亲对胎儿性别的焦虑是否可能与母子互动和母女互动的质量有关，这种焦虑在出生后根据孩子的性别进行调节。这项队列研究将包括两组(农村和城市中国人)，每组100个家庭。这些家庭将在胎龄15周(T1)时招募，并在产前30周和36周，以及足月后3个月(分别为T2、T3和T4)进行随访。家庭性别偏好、母亲对胎儿性别的猜想、母亲与胎儿性别有关的焦虑、母亲与怀孕有关的焦虑将在T1、T2和T3通过半结构访谈进行评估。胎儿心率和运动数据将在T2和T3使用胎儿心动图进行测量。在T4，将评估作为新父母的母子互动和母亲焦虑。孕妇HPA轴的激活将在T1、T2、T3和T4通过唾液皮质醇水平来测量。