Intracranial Recordings Reveal Task Dependent Theta

描述(由申请者提供)：拟议的研究旨在阐明 人类学习和记忆的机制，特别是 大脑在这一至关重要的人类能力中的振荡。虽然人们很早就知道 大脑的振荡，特别是所谓的“theta节奏”(4-12赫兹)， 对啮齿动物来说很重要，因为它们学习空间信息，这些 人类学习和记忆中的大脑振荡还不够充分 探索过了。最近的研究表明，theta振荡很容易 在人脑中观察到，当一项学习任务时，它们变得更强 就变得更加困难了。这一发现允许一系列新的问题成为 他问道。这项拟议的研究旨在评估theta是否也会振荡 作为更高频率的伽马振荡，在人类学习中有因果关系 和记忆。更具体地说，这项研究旨在评估theta在 人类的空间认知与编码、复述和提取 工作记忆的过程。它还寻求确定以下条件 哪些与任务相关的认知操作产生重置的teta振荡和 “后续记忆效应”是否是theta重置的结果。脑区 当癫痫患者正在接受治疗时，将记录下电波 外科/侵入性监测作为临床治疗的一部分 难治性癫痫。以最高的谨慎标准执行，这 手术对患者有潜在的治愈作用，并提供了一个机会 为收集数据，可能导致其他人面临新的治疗 神经系统疾病。通过执行不会对健康构成风险的认知任务 无论如何，这些患者可能会提供精妙的数据，说明 认知功能中的脑电波。建议的研究将检视 脑电波与短时记忆和长时记忆的关系 空间信息以及符号/语言信息。特别令人感兴趣的是 Theta和/或Gamma振荡预示着回忆的成功。这些结果将 告诉我们对正常和受损记忆的理解，并最终可能 为衰弱记忆障碍带来新的治疗方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research seeks to illuminate the mechanisms of human learning and memory and, in particular, the role of brain oscillations in this vital human capacity. While it has long been known that brain oscillations, and especially the so-called "theta rhythm" (4-12 Hz), are important in rodents as they learn spatial information, the roles of these brain oscillations in human learning and memory have not been adequately explored. It has recently been shown that theta oscillations are readily observed in the human brain, and that they become stronger when a learning task is made more difficult. This finding allows a wide range of new questions to be asked. The proposed research aims to assess whether theta oscillations, as well as higher-frequency gamma oscillations, are causally involved in human learning and memory. More specifically, this research aims to assess theta's role in both human spatial cognition and the encoding, rehearsal, and retrieval processes of working memory. It also seeks to determine the conditions under which task-related cognitive operations produce reset of theta oscillations and whether the "subsequent memory effect" is a consequence of theta reset. Brain waves will be recorded while epileptic patients are undergoing surgical/invasive monitoring as part of the clinical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. Performed with the highest standard of care, this procedure is potentially curative for the patients and presents an opportunity for collecting data that could lead to new treatments for others faced with neurological disease. By performing cognitive tasks that pose no health risks whatsoever, these patients may provide exquisite data on the involvement of brain waves in cognitive function. The proposed studies will examine the relation between brain waves and both short-term and long-term memory for spatial as well as symbolic/verbal information. Of special interest is whether theta and/or gamma oscillations predict successful recall. These results will inform our understanding of both normal and impaired memory and may ultimately lead to new treatments for debilitating memory disorders.