Minority Predoctoral Fellowship

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究将探讨集体效能可能会改变麦德林，哥伦比亚和美国的邻里集中劣势和青年暴力结果之间的关联。它将使用来自芝加哥社区人类发展项目（PHDCN）的1，500名12-18岁儿童和青少年的横截面子样本，这是一项为期6年的前瞻性研究，旨在研究青少年外化问题行为的决定因素，以及来自麦德林暴力行为实施者，受害者和证人的横截面家庭调查的916名12-24岁青少年的子样本，哥伦比亚，以检验集体效能以非线性方式改变不利处境与青年暴力之间的直接关联的假设。具体来说，我假设集体效能将有最强的保护性影响暴力的情况下，更不利的。集体效能将不再是极端不利社区中防止暴力的重要保护因素。该研究还将比较两个不同国家背景下集体效能（凝聚力和社会控制）与暴力之间的关联。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed study will examine the ways that collective efficacy may modify the association between neighborhood concentrated disadvantage and youth violent outcomes in Medellin, Colombia, and the United States. It will use a cross-sectional subsample of 1,500 children and adolescents, aged 12-18, from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), a 6-year prospective study of determinants of youth externalizing problem behaviors, as welt as a subsample of 916 adolescents aged 12-24 from a cross-sectional household survey of perpetrators, victims and witnesses of violence in Medellin, Colombia, to test the hypothesis that collective efficacy modifies the direct association between disadvantage and youth violence in a non-linear fashion. Specifically, I hypothesize that collective efficacy will have the strongest protective impact on violence in contexts of higher disadvantage. Collective efficacy will cease to be a significant protective factor against violence in neighborhoods of extreme disadvantage. The study will also compare the associations between the sub-dimensions of collective efficacy (cohesion and social control) and violence in two distinct national contexts.