Vestibular Influences on Spatial Constancy and Movement Planning

前庭对空间恒定性和运动计划的影响

• 批准号: 7141535
• 负责人: Dora Angelaki
• 金额: $ 48.95万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7141535
• 关键词: body movement; clinical research; eye; eye movements; head; human; memory; motivation; neurons; otocyst /otolith; perception; reflex; role; saccades; semicircular duct; visual fields

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The spatial orientation functions of the vestibular system, although clinically relevant, have received little attention compared to reflexes. In the proposed experiments, we intend to characterize the vestibular system's involvement in maintaining spatial constancy for movement planning as humans and primates are passively rotated or translated in three-dimensional (3D) space. This process, referred to as 'visuospatial updating' utilizes extra-retinal signals related to the intervening movement in order to change the end-goal of sensorimotor transformations for eye, hand or limb movements. Although vestibular signals have an important role in this process, spatial constancy has been mostly studied with saccadic ocular deviations, whereas little is currently known about the role of other sources of extra-retinal information. Thus, the long-term goal of these studies is to characterize the functional properties and neural basis for subcortical extra-retinal signals on spatial constancy, with a particular focus on vestibularly-driven mechanisms. Here we propose a series of behavioral and neurophysiological aims to characterize the vestibular system's involvement in visuospatial updating during memory-guided eye movements. Specifically, we will quantify the properties of these processes, as they relate to the numerous computational issues encountered when three-dimensional (3D) vestibular information must be combined with a two-dimensional (2D) retinotopic goal for a saccade. To investigate the neural basis of these interactions, we also propose to characterize visuospatial updating and vestibular memory-contingent saccades after reversible inactivation of each 1 of the 3 cortical eye fields, the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the supplementary eye fields (SEF). Finally, we will also start characterizing the neural correlates of this function by testing whether visual receptive fields of LIP neurons shift during an imposed rotational/translational movement, similarly as previously shown for saccadic eye movements. The proposed studies aim at filling an important gap in knowledge and are fundamental in establishing a causal role for the vestibular system in spatial and sensorimotor functions that, although largely uncharacterized, are important for understanding and treating cognitive deficits of spatial perception.

描述（由申请人提供）：前庭系统的空间定向功能，尽管与临床相关，但与反射相比很少受到关注。在拟议的实验中，我们打算表征前庭系统的参与，在保持空间恒定性的运动规划，人类和灵长类动物被动旋转或在三维（3D）空间中平移。这个过程被称为“视觉空间更新”，利用与介入运动相关的视网膜外信号，以改变眼睛、手或肢体运动的感觉运动变换的最终目标。虽然前庭信号在这个过程中有重要的作用，空间恒常性主要是研究与扫视眼偏差，而目前知之甚少的视网膜外信息的其他来源的作用。因此，这些研究的长期目标是表征皮质下视网膜外信号空间恒定性的功能特性和神经基础，特别关注前庭驱动机制。在这里，我们提出了一系列的行为和神经生理学的目标，以表征前庭系统的参与在视觉空间更新记忆引导的眼球运动。具体来说，我们将量化这些过程的属性，因为它们涉及到三维（3D）前庭信息时遇到的众多计算问题，必须结合一个二维（2D）的视网膜定位目标眼跳。为了研究这些相互作用的神经基础，我们还建议表征视觉空间更新和前庭记忆相关扫视后可逆失活的3个皮质眼领域，侧顶内区（LIP），额叶眼领域（FEF）和补充眼领域（SEF）。最后，我们还将开始表征该功能的神经相关性，通过测试LIP神经元的视觉感受野是否在施加的旋转/平移运动期间发生变化，类似于先前所示的扫视眼球运动。拟议的研究旨在填补一个重要的知识空白，是建立前庭系统在空间和感觉运动功能中的因果作用的基础，虽然在很大程度上未表征，但对于理解和治疗空间感知的认知缺陷很重要。