Oral Microbiology Studies in Appalachia

阿巴拉契亚的口腔微生物学研究

• 批准号: 7147086
• 负责人: Mary L. Marazita
• 金额: $ 13.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-01 至 2009-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7147086
• 关键词: Oral; Microbiology; Studies; Appalachia

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Children living in Appalachia rank lowest in the U.S. on indicators of oral health status. The substandard quality of oral health is consistent with well-documented findings that poor (and minority) children account for the majority of dental decay. We are applying a multidisciplinary approach to investigating factors contributing to this disparity. This application is a request for supplemental funding to extend the scope of our currently funded Genetics and Psychosocial Projects by addressing the microbiological contribution to poor oral health, particularly caries, in the same Appalachian sample. We will investigate the overall composition of oral flora in the total study population (1500 individuals in 250 families), and then intensely study Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in a subset of 50 people from the highest- and lowest-risk families. S. mutans is considered to be a principal or the principal cause of dental caries. S. mutans is quite diverse at the genetic level; multiple genotypes are isolated from children and their parents, and from young adults. More strains are isolated from those with caries (~5) than those without caries (~3). The overall goal of this study is to compare the genetic diversity and virulence characteristics of S. mutans strains from high caries and low caries families in order to gain insight into the extent that poor oral health can be attributed to host factors versus S. mutans characteristics. In addition, we will develop high throughput methods for genotyping and screening S. mutans that can be applied in future, larger studies. We will compare the genetic diversity and virulence characteristics of S. mutans isolated from the tongue, saliva and supra-gingival plaque of individuals from 5-6 high caries families to those from 5-6 low caries families, approximately 1000 isolates each from 50 individuals. We will use various laboratory techniques to do so, including arbitrarily primed PCR, PCR, and dot blot hybridization. The techniques will also allow us to determine the extent that S. mutans are shared between individuals within a family or community, and the extent that the strains vary over time. Study results will guide the development of more effective caries prevention strategies. LAY SUMMARY: Factors such as using fluoride products and toothbrushing decrease rates of dental decay, but some people who do so still have high rates of dental cavities. One cause of dental decay is bacteria found in the mouth, especially Streptococcus mutans. In this study we will compare the characteristics of S. mutans found in the mouth of families with high rates of dental cavities to that found in the mouth of those with low rates of dental cavities. This will help us understand how much of the differences in dental health is due to the S. mutans and to other factors.

描述(申请人提供)：居住在阿巴拉契亚的儿童在口腔健康状况指标上在美国排名最低。口腔健康的质量不达标与有充分记录的研究结果一致，即贫困(和少数族裔)儿童是龋齿的主要原因。我们正在运用多学科方法来调查造成这种差异的因素。这项申请是对补充资金的申请，以扩大我们目前资助的遗传学和心理社会项目的范围，解决同一阿巴拉契亚地区样本中微生物学对口腔健康不良，特别是龋齿的影响。我们将调查整个研究人群(250个家庭的1500个个体)中口腔菌群的总体组成，然后在来自最高和最低风险家庭的50人子集中深入研究变形链球菌。变形链球菌被认为是龋齿的主要或主要原因。变形链球菌在基因水平上是相当多样化的；从儿童及其父母和年轻人身上分离出多种基因类型。有龋者分离的菌株(~5株)明显多于无龋者(~3株)。本研究的总体目标是比较来自高龋率和低龋率家庭的变形链球菌的遗传多样性和毒力特征，以了解口腔健康不良在多大程度上可归因于宿主因素与变形链球菌的特征。此外，我们将开发高通量的基因分型和筛选变形链球菌的方法，可以应用于未来的更大规模的研究。我们将比较从5-6个高龋家系和5-6个低龋家系的舌头、唾液和牙龈上菌斑中分离的变形链球菌的遗传多样性和毒力特征。我们将使用各种实验室技术来做到这一点，包括任意启动的聚合酶链式反应、聚合酶链式反应和斑点杂交。这些技术还将使我们能够确定变形链球菌在家庭或社区内的个体之间共享的程度，以及菌株随着时间的推移而变化的程度。研究结果将指导制定更有效的龋病预防策略。 层层总结：使用氟化物产品和刷牙等因素可以降低龋齿的发生率，但一些这样做的人仍然有很高的龋齿发生率。龋齿的一个原因是口腔中发现的细菌，特别是变形链球菌。在这项研究中，我们将比较在龋齿发生率高的家庭和龋齿发生率低的家庭的口腔中发现的变形链球菌的特征。这将帮助我们了解牙齿健康的差异在多大程度上是由于变形链球菌和其他因素造成的。