Body Composition, Hormones, and Risk Factors in Middle Aged Women

中年西班牙裔、非裔美国人和高加索妇女的身体成分、激素和健康危险因素。本项目的具体目标是：1）确定肥胖-疾病风险关系在种族群体之间是否相似。这是很重要的，因为这种关系应该指导健康体重指南的发展。分析将包括确定与血脂异常、高血压和高脂血症相关的体脂范围。 各组血糖和胰岛素浓度升高。2)确定肥胖与激素的关系在不同种族群体中是否相似。这一点很重要，因为激素在新陈代谢和疾病过程中起着关键作用。这些相互关系对我们理解疾病的病因至关重要。3)确定脂肪分布模式是否影响肥胖风险因素激素的关系。中心位置的作用 以前已经描述了脂肪在疾病风险中的作用，但一些研究人员指出，这种风险可能在某种程度上由种族/民族介导。4)确定身体成分的各种现场测试（BMI，皮褶方程等）准确估计这些种族群体中中年妇女的身体肥胖程度。这是一项重要的任务，因为大多数身体成分方法都是在高加索人身上开发和验证的。这些方法在非洲裔美国人和西班牙裔妇女中的疗效尚不清楚。受试者样本将为35 - 50岁的西班牙裔、非洲裔美国人和白人女性。性别、种族和年龄将用作入选标准，因为目的是确定种族是否影响身体成分和心血管疾病之间的关系 危险因素文化适应水平、种族、教育和社会经济地位、身体活动和饮食习惯将通过西班牙语和英语问卷进行评估。在单个两小时的测试会话期间，将记录每个参与者的身高和体重的标准描述性测量值，并且将通过全身体积描记法、生物电阻抗分析、皮褶厚度测量、身体成分分析和全身组织测量来评估身体成分。 周长和双能X射线吸收测定法。此外，将采集30 mL血液样本，以测定葡萄糖、胰岛素、生长激素、瘦素、SHBG、DHEA和血脂的浓度。统计分析将包括协方差分析，以检查各组中体脂对健康风险变量的种族/民族影响。 人口统计学变量、体力活动和饮食将用作协变量。多元回归将检查激素，身体成分，疾病风险和种族之间的相互关系。对结果的解释将集中在西班牙裔、非洲裔美国人和白人妇女的身体成分、激素和危险因素之间的关系上 与CVD和2型糖尿病的低风险相关。

Body Composition, Hormones, and Health Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Hispanic, African-American and Caucasian Women. The specific aims of this project are: 1) Determine if the obesity-disease risk relationship is similar among the racial ethnic groups. This is important because this relationshipshould guide the development of healthy weight guidelines. Analyses will include determination of body fat ranges related to dyslipidemia, hypertension, and elevated glucose and insulinconcentrations in each group. 2) Determine if the obesity-hormone relationship is similar among the racial ethnic groups. This is important because of the critical role that hormones play in metabolism and disease processes. These inter-relationships are critical indeveloping our understanding of the etiology of diseases. 3) Determine if fat distribution pattern impacts the obesity-risk factor-hormonal relationships. The role of centrally located fat in disease risk has been described previously, but some investigators indicate that this risk may be mediated to some degree by race/ethnicity. 4) Determine if various field tests of body composition (BMI, skinfold equations, etc.) accurately estimate body fatness in middle-aged women from these racial ethnic groups. This is an important task because the majority of body composition methods were developed and validated on Caucasians. The efficacy of these methods in African-American and Hispanic women is not well-understood. The subject sample will be Hispanic, African-American, and Caucasian women between the ages of 35 and 50 years. Gender, race, and age will be used as inclusionary criteria because of the goal to determine if race impacts the relationship among body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Level of acculturation, ethnicity, education and socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary habits will be assessed by questionnaires available in Spanish and English. During a single two-hour testing session, standard descriptive measurements of height and weight will be recorded for each participant and body composition will be assessed by whole body plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis, skinfold thickness measurements, body circumferences, and dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry. Additionally, a 30-mL blood sample will be collected to determine the concentrations of glucose, insulin, growth hormone, leptin, SHBG, DHEA, and blood lipids. Statistical analysis will include analysis of co-variance to examine the racial/ethnic impact of body fat on health risk variables among the groups. Demographic variables, physical activity, and diet will be used as covariates. Multivariate regression will examine the inter-relationships of hormones, body composition, disease risk, and race. Interpretation of results will focus on the relationship between body composition, hormones, and risk factors in Hispanic, African-American and Caucasian women associated with low risk for CVD and type 2 diabetes.