Body Composition, Hormones, and Risk Factors in Middle Aged Women

中年西班牙裔、非裔美国人和高加索女性的身体成分、激素和健康危险因素。该项目的具体目标是：1)确定各种族群体之间的肥胖-疾病风险关系是否相似。这一点很重要，因为这种关系应该指导健康体重指南的制定。分析将包括确定与血脂异常、高血压和 各组大鼠血糖和胰岛素浓度均升高。2)确定不同种族之间肥胖与激素的关系是否相似。这一点很重要，因为荷尔蒙在新陈代谢和疾病过程中发挥着关键作用。这些相互关系对于发展我们对疾病病因学的理解至关重要。3)确定脂肪分布模式是否影响肥胖-危险因素-激素的关系。位于中心位置的角色 脂肪在疾病风险中的作用以前已经被描述过，但一些研究人员指出，这种风险可能在某种程度上受到种族/民族的影响。4)确定身体成分的各种现场测试(BMI、皮褶公式等)准确估计来自这些种族群体的中年女性的体脂。这是一项重要的任务，因为大多数身体成分方法都是在高加索人身上开发和验证的。这些方法在非裔美国人和西班牙裔女性中的有效性还没有得到很好的了解。受试者将是年龄在35岁到50岁之间的西班牙裔、非裔美国人和高加索女性。性别、种族和年龄将被用作纳入标准，因为目的是确定种族是否影响身体组成和心血管疾病之间的关系 风险因素。文化适应程度、种族、教育和社会经济地位、身体活动和饮食习惯将通过西班牙语和英语问卷进行评估。在一个两小时的测试过程中，每个参与者的身高和体重的标准描述性测量将被记录下来，身体成分将通过全身体积描记，生物电阻抗分析，皮褶厚度测量，身体 周长和双能x射线吸收法。此外，还将采集30毫升的血液样本，以测定葡萄糖、胰岛素、生长激素、瘦素、SHBG、DHEA和血脂的浓度。统计分析将包括协方差分析，以检查种族/民族脂肪对群体中健康风险变量的影响。 人口统计变量、体力活动和饮食将被用作协变量。多元回归将考察荷尔蒙、身体成分、疾病风险和种族之间的相互关系。对结果的解释将集中在西班牙裔、非裔美国人和高加索女性的身体成分、激素和风险因素之间的关系 与心血管疾病和2型糖尿病的低风险相关。

Body Composition, Hormones, and Health Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Hispanic, African-American and Caucasian Women. The specific aims of this project are: 1) Determine if the obesity-disease risk relationship is similar among the racial ethnic groups. This is important because this relationshipshould guide the development of healthy weight guidelines. Analyses will include determination of body fat ranges related to dyslipidemia, hypertension, and elevated glucose and insulinconcentrations in each group. 2) Determine if the obesity-hormone relationship is similar among the racial ethnic groups. This is important because of the critical role that hormones play in metabolism and disease processes. These inter-relationships are critical indeveloping our understanding of the etiology of diseases. 3) Determine if fat distribution pattern impacts the obesity-risk factor-hormonal relationships. The role of centrally located fat in disease risk has been described previously, but some investigators indicate that this risk may be mediated to some degree by race/ethnicity. 4) Determine if various field tests of body composition (BMI, skinfold equations, etc.) accurately estimate body fatness in middle-aged women from these racial ethnic groups. This is an important task because the majority of body composition methods were developed and validated on Caucasians. The efficacy of these methods in African-American and Hispanic women is not well-understood. The subject sample will be Hispanic, African-American, and Caucasian women between the ages of 35 and 50 years. Gender, race, and age will be used as inclusionary criteria because of the goal to determine if race impacts the relationship among body composition and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Level of acculturation, ethnicity, education and socioeconomic status, physical activity, and dietary habits will be assessed by questionnaires available in Spanish and English. During a single two-hour testing session, standard descriptive measurements of height and weight will be recorded for each participant and body composition will be assessed by whole body plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance analysis, skinfold thickness measurements, body circumferences, and dual-energy x-ray absorbtiometry. Additionally, a 30-mL blood sample will be collected to determine the concentrations of glucose, insulin, growth hormone, leptin, SHBG, DHEA, and blood lipids. Statistical analysis will include analysis of co-variance to examine the racial/ethnic impact of body fat on health risk variables among the groups. Demographic variables, physical activity, and diet will be used as covariates. Multivariate regression will examine the inter-relationships of hormones, body composition, disease risk, and race. Interpretation of results will focus on the relationship between body composition, hormones, and risk factors in Hispanic, African-American and Caucasian women associated with low risk for CVD and type 2 diabetes.