In-process Material Evaluation of Welding and Additive Manufacturing

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This project aligns directly with one key deliverable in the 5-year plan entitled "Towards Industry 4.0: In-process Repair of Welding and Wire Additive Manufacturing (IRWWAM)" associated with the Strathclyde Chancellor's Fellowship for the primary supervisor (Dr Javadi). The core of this ambitions plan is fully automated Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) in robotic welding and Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM), where the three main research themes are: (I) in-process defect detection, (II) in-process residual stress measurement and (III) in-process material evaluation. When these three core research themes are coupled with process modelling and simulation, the project will deliver an Industry 4.0 adopted system in which the sample can be fully inspected and importantly, repaired during the manufacturing process, if deemed necessary by the system. The in-situ measurement systems will be also linked to the manufacturing system for improving the quality control and creation of a closed-loop feedback system. Manufacturing within the IRWWAM framework will save time and energy (which is usually wasted in backward transmissions between the manufacturing and inspection stations) and hence will be better for the environment. The main plan is then in line with the national UK government's post-COVID recovery plan. This PhD will focus on the in-process monitoring of the material evolution during welding and additive manufacturing. The necessity of "in-process" evaluation has been justified by the Centre for Ultrasonic Engineering (CUE) when the in-process inspection was established for the multi-pass welding [Javadi et al, Materials & Design, Volume 191, 2020]. However, this was not extended to the material evaluation (with the focus on the residual stress) and there is currently no NDT method to monitor the residual stress during the welding and additive manufacturing. The in-process material evaluation will be considered in this project and it is then desired that the candidate is familiar with (or enthusiastic to learn) the following research and technical activities: NDE material evaluation, residual stress, process modelling and verification, in-process inspection and Industry 4.0.This project will be based in the new Faculty of Engineering facility "Sensor Enabled Automation Robotics & Control Hub (SEARCH) laboratory and will link directly with the NDE research team operating within the CUE. There is an excellent opportunity to enhance the capabilities of the world's first automated robotic AM facility with integrated NDE (RoboWAAM cell currently installed at AFRC) through the output of this project. Hence, there is an obvious route into the AFRC, Lightweight Manufacturing Centre (LMC) and National Manufacturing Institute Scotland (NMIS) activities and industrial network. Through CUE, the project will complement Strathclyde's current The UK Research Centre in NDE (RCNDE) research, which will offer opportunities to collaborate within the RCNDE academic and industrial membership.