The Other European: Exploring the Boundaries of the (im)possible Euro

是否有可能将欧洲视为一个哲学和政治空间，既不将自己视为普遍的空间或可普遍化的空间，也不将自己视为一个特殊的共同体？这个博士学位的建议通过一种新的方法深入到欧洲共同体的所有太众所周知的问题：“其他欧洲人”，也就是说，通过调查我认为谁是不同于我，但属于同一个空间，使差异的认识和差异的包含在一个单一的，集体的项目。西蒙·格伦丁宁教授同意监督的这一博士提案远离了欧洲身份的问题，而是专注于另类：它探讨了对谁是另一个欧洲人的不同哲学理解如何重新定义欧洲共同体的边界，特别是当它生活在其边缘时。我们建议探讨三个相互依赖的问题。首先，本文将探讨现代对“他者欧洲”的理解及其对欧洲共同体边界的政治影响。第二，论文探讨了其他欧洲人的替代化身，特别是通过社会（超越）现象学的观点，以及它对政治归属和欧洲公民身份的政治重新定义。最后，虽然本文主要是一个哲学政治的研究，但它将研究这些概念在当代行为者中的回声，更具体地说，是欧洲的送货骑手，他们位于欧洲共同体的边缘，以及与之相关的归属和公民身份的概念。欧洲的轮廓和身份是一个困扰欧洲哲学和政治学术的问题（斯特拉特，2002年; Delanty，2004年; Fligstein，2008年; Repubkel，2009年）。在这一学术研究中，欧洲陷入了方法论民族主义和特殊主义之间不可能的僵局，使用国家的工具和世界主义资源来探究欧洲，将欧洲概念化为一个尚未普遍化的特殊空间。这一僵局反过来又引发了关于欧洲计划的基础和可行性的深刻问题：如果人们不能定义欧洲这一哲学政治目标，又如何想象它的未来？质疑欧洲共同体的本体论基础（谁被认为是欧洲共同体的组成部分？）及其政治后果（承认的标准如何影响该社区的进程和产品？），它使我们摆脱了试图根据欧洲的本质特征来定义欧洲的学术研究，而是帮助我们创造了一幅欧洲的图景，这幅图景通过他性，被具体地生活、体验，但也被身体所超越。本研究将通过重建和政治化对“他者欧洲人”的现代理解，并探索从这种现代性中出现的“他者欧洲人”的替代性化身，最后研究这些概念化如何在当代行为者中产生共鸣，选择位于欧洲共同体边缘的欧洲送货骑手为例。关键词：欧洲，他性，身份，共同体，普遍主义，特殊主义

Is it at all possible to think of Europe as a philosophical and political space that neither conceives itself as the space of the universal or as universalisable, nor as a particularistic community? This PhD proposal dives into the all-too-well-known question of the European community through a renewed approach: the 'Other European', that is, by inquiring into who I consider as being different from me, yet belonging to the same space, enabling both the recognition of difference and the inclusion of that difference within a single, collective project. This PhD proposal, which Professor Simon Glendinning has agreed to supervise, moves away from the question of European identity and instead focuses on alterity: it explores how different philosophical understandings of who the Other European is redefine the boundaries of the European community, especially as it is lived in its margins. We propose to explore three co-dependent problematisations. First, the dissertation will look at the modern understandings of the Other European and its political consequences on the boundaries of the European community that it conceptualises. Second, the dissertation explores the alternative incarnations of the Other European, notably through a social (beyond-)phenomenological outlook, and the political redefinition that it implies for political belonging and European citizenship. Finally, the dissertation, although it is primarily a philosophicopolitical inquiry, will study the echoes of such concepts amongst contemporary actors, more specifically delivery riders in Europe, situated at the margins of that European community and the very concepts of belonging and citizenship that are attached to it. Europe's contours and identity is a question haunting philosophical and political scholarship onEurope (Strath, 2002; Delanty, 2004; Fligstein, 2008; Checkel, 2009). In this scholarship, Europe is held within an impossible deadlock between methodological nationalism and particularism, inquiring into Europe using the tools of the state, and cosmopolitical resources, conceptualising Europe as a particular space which has yet to be universalised. This deadlock nourishes in turn profound questions about the very ground, and thus viability, of the European project: if one cannot define the philosophico-political object that is Europe, how can one imagine its future? Interrogating the ontological groundings of the European community (who is considered as forming part of the European community?) and its political consequences (how do the criteria of recognition impact the very processes and products of that community?), enables us to move away from a scholarship tempted to define Europe in terms of its essential identity, and instead helps us create a picture of a Europe, which, through alterity, is concretely lived, experienced, but also transgressed by bodies. This inquiry will be conducted by reconstructing and politicising the modern understandings of the Other European and exploring the alternative incarnations of the Other European which emerged from this Modernity, and finally studying how these conceptualisations resonate amongst contemporary actors, choosing the case of delivery riders in Europe, situated at the margins of the European community.Key words: Europe, alterity, identity, community, universalism, particularism