The Other European: Exploring the Boundaries of the (im)possible Euro

有没有可能认为欧洲是一个哲学和政治空间，既不认为自己是普遍的空间，也不认为自己是普遍性的，也不认为自己是一个特殊的共同体？这一博士提案通过一种新的方法深入探讨了欧洲社会众所周知的问题：“其他欧洲人”，即通过调查我认为与我不同但属于同一领域的人，使之既能承认差异，又能将这种差异纳入一个单一的集体项目中。西蒙·格伦丁教授同意监督的这项博士提案，远离了欧洲身份认同的问题，转而关注于变化无常：它探索了对另一个欧洲人是谁的不同哲学理解如何重新定义欧洲共同体的边界，特别是在欧洲共同体生活在边缘的情况下。我们建议探索三个相互依赖的问题。首先，本文将着眼于其他欧洲人的现代理解及其对其概念化的欧洲共同体边界的政治后果。其次，论文探讨了其他欧洲人的另类化身，特别是通过一种社会(超越)现象学的观点，以及它所暗示的政治归属和欧洲公民身份的政治重新定义。最后，尽管这篇论文主要是一种哲学-政治探究，但它将研究这些概念在当代行为者中的回声，更具体地说，是位于欧洲共同体边缘的欧洲递送者，以及与之相关的归属和公民身份概念。欧洲的轮廓和身份是一个困扰着欧洲哲学和政治学者的问题(Strath，2002；Delanty，2004；Fligstein，2008；Checkel，2009)。在这一学问中，欧洲处于方法论民族主义和特殊主义之间的不可能的僵局中，使用国家的工具和世界政治资源来探究欧洲，将欧洲概念化为一个尚未普遍性的特定空间。这种僵局反过来又滋生了关于欧洲计划的根基及其可行性的深刻问题：如果人们不能定义欧洲这个哲学-政治对象，人们如何想象它的未来？质疑欧洲共同体的本体论基础(谁被认为是欧洲共同体的一部分？)及其政治后果(承认的标准如何影响欧洲共同体的进程和产品？)，使我们能够摆脱试图用欧洲的本质身份来定义欧洲的学术观念，而是帮助我们创造一个欧洲的图景，通过变化，它是具体的生活、经历，但也是身体的越轨。这一调查将通过重建和政治化对另一个欧洲人的现代理解，并探索从这种现代性中出现的另一个欧洲人的另一种化身，最后研究这些概念化如何在当代参与者中产生共鸣，选择位于欧洲共同体边缘的欧洲送货骑手的案例。关键词：欧洲，交替，身份，社区，普遍主义，特殊主义

Is it at all possible to think of Europe as a philosophical and political space that neither conceives itself as the space of the universal or as universalisable, nor as a particularistic community? This PhD proposal dives into the all-too-well-known question of the European community through a renewed approach: the 'Other European', that is, by inquiring into who I consider as being different from me, yet belonging to the same space, enabling both the recognition of difference and the inclusion of that difference within a single, collective project. This PhD proposal, which Professor Simon Glendinning has agreed to supervise, moves away from the question of European identity and instead focuses on alterity: it explores how different philosophical understandings of who the Other European is redefine the boundaries of the European community, especially as it is lived in its margins. We propose to explore three co-dependent problematisations. First, the dissertation will look at the modern understandings of the Other European and its political consequences on the boundaries of the European community that it conceptualises. Second, the dissertation explores the alternative incarnations of the Other European, notably through a social (beyond-)phenomenological outlook, and the political redefinition that it implies for political belonging and European citizenship. Finally, the dissertation, although it is primarily a philosophicopolitical inquiry, will study the echoes of such concepts amongst contemporary actors, more specifically delivery riders in Europe, situated at the margins of that European community and the very concepts of belonging and citizenship that are attached to it. Europe's contours and identity is a question haunting philosophical and political scholarship onEurope (Strath, 2002; Delanty, 2004; Fligstein, 2008; Checkel, 2009). In this scholarship, Europe is held within an impossible deadlock between methodological nationalism and particularism, inquiring into Europe using the tools of the state, and cosmopolitical resources, conceptualising Europe as a particular space which has yet to be universalised. This deadlock nourishes in turn profound questions about the very ground, and thus viability, of the European project: if one cannot define the philosophico-political object that is Europe, how can one imagine its future? Interrogating the ontological groundings of the European community (who is considered as forming part of the European community?) and its political consequences (how do the criteria of recognition impact the very processes and products of that community?), enables us to move away from a scholarship tempted to define Europe in terms of its essential identity, and instead helps us create a picture of a Europe, which, through alterity, is concretely lived, experienced, but also transgressed by bodies. This inquiry will be conducted by reconstructing and politicising the modern understandings of the Other European and exploring the alternative incarnations of the Other European which emerged from this Modernity, and finally studying how these conceptualisations resonate amongst contemporary actors, choosing the case of delivery riders in Europe, situated at the margins of the European community.Key words: Europe, alterity, identity, community, universalism, particularism