Your eyes can deceive you: Predictive biases in perceptual representation of dynamic facial expressions.

人们常常觉得，只要看着别人的脸，就能知道他们的感受。我们能感觉到同事什么时候心情不好，或者为什么我们的伴侣在微笑。然而，尽管我们可能觉得我们可以简单地读懂别人脸上的表情，但研究表明，一个更复杂的过程是利用我们对另一个人的了解来“预测”他们在这个时刻应该怎么想，我们在他们脸上看到的既反映了他们真正表现出来的表情，也反映了我们预期的表情。拟议中的研究测试了这一假设，特别是关于其他人的先前情感信息--他们的肢体语言，他们对自己的看法--是否不仅改变了我们对他们的感受，也改变了我们对他们面部表情的看法。例如，它将测试一张开心的脸是否会比兴奋的肢体语言看起来更快乐，而不是看起来比沮丧的肢体语言更快乐。我们还将调查自闭症患者是否在社交中挣扎，这是不是因为他们更多地看到他人的真实表情，而不是他们在特定环境下应该是什么样子。这项研究将极大地增强我们对他人情绪的理解，以及为什么我们有时会继续误解别人的情绪，尽管有相反的证据。这些发现可能会产生广泛的影响，从执法培训中的情绪阅读，到针对自闭症患者的新干预措施，目前只关注从面部表情中像词典一样阅读情绪。

It often feels like we can just look at someone's face and know how they feel. We sense when our coworker had a bad day or why our partner is smiling. Yet, although it may feel like we can simply read the expressions in others' faces, research suggests a more sophisticated process that uses what we know about the other person to "predict" how they should feel in this moment, and that what we seein their face reflects both: the expression they really show and the one we expect.The proposed research tests this hypothesis, specifically whether prior emotion information about others - their body language, what they say about themselves - changes not only how we think they feel but also how we perceive their facial expressions. It will test, for example, whether a happy face will appear happier than it is with an excited body language, and less happy with a downcast body language. We will also investigate whether autistic individuals struggle in social interactions, paradoxically, because they see others' expressions more as they really are rather than how they should look like given the context.This research will greatly enhance our understanding of how we read others' emotions and why we sometimes continue to misunderstand them, despite evidence to the contrary. The findings may have wide impacts, from emotion reading in law enforcement training to new interventions for autistic individuals, which currently only focus on a lexicon-like reading of emotions from facial expressions.