Cognition-Emotion-HPA Interaction: Translation Network

描述(由申请人提供)：情绪和认知过程是处理信息的互补方式。情绪提供快速的“格式塔”评估，认知提供深思熟虑的、顺序的和分析的控制。传统上，这些现象被孤立地研究，伴随着情绪的躯体/神经内分泌状态被视为仅仅是大脑活动的外围标志。然而，神经内分泌活动实际上会影响大脑，调节认知和情绪处理。我们认为，认知、情绪和躯体(CES)过程实际上在相互关联的反馈环路中不断地相互作用，无效的CES相互作用可能导致功能障碍的行为和精神病理。关于CES的相互作用及其对精神障碍发展的贡献的全面描述尚未出现。我们建议建立一个由认知/情感神经科学家、行为内分泌学家和临床研究人员组成的网络，以开发实验工具来直接检查CES的相互作用及其在精神病理学中的作用。 6名研究人员(3名来自密歇根，3名来自哥伦比亚)将共同努力(1)建立临床和基础行为科学家的翻译网络，(2)开发研究CES相互作用的范例，(3)收集试点数据以绘制CES相互作用的神经回路图，以及(4)将这种方法转化为精神病理学研究。为了实现这些目标，我们提出了具体的步骤，包括网络建设(为培训转化型科学家创建一个多学科团队和背景)、范式开发(创建新的实验方法)、试点实验(开始绘制CES神经回路图)以及向临床相关性转化(通过将模型应用于精神障碍，从创伤后应激障碍开始)。三个试点实验将利用情绪(社会压力)、躯体(升高皮质醇)和认知操作，使用神经解剖学(FMRI)、行为和神经内分泌结果测量来评估刺激评估和决策领域的影响。这些实验将开始绘制CES神经回路图，探测前额叶皮质区域(如扣带回和背内侧回、脑岛)和边缘结构(如杏仁核、海马体、腹尾状核)之间及其内部的相互作用，并促进进一步的范式发展。 协作环境和多学科团队将促进翻译行为科学心理健康研究，开发新的范式，并收集关于CES互动的初步数据，这些互动塑造行为并对精神病理学做出贡献。它将为更大的翻译科学项目提供基础，并为培训未来的翻译科学家提供背景。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Emotional and cognitive processes are complementary ways to process information. Emotions provide rapid "gestalt" assessments, and cognition provides deliberative, sequential, and analytic control. Traditionally, these phenomena were examined in isolation and the somatic/neuroendocrine states that accompany emotions have been seen as mere peripheral markers of brain activity. However, neuroendocrine activity actually affects the brain, modulating cognitive and emotional processing. We propose that cognitive, emotional, and somatic (CES) processes in fact constantly interact in reciprocally interconnected feedback loops and that ineffective CES interaction can lead to dysfunctional behavior and psychopathology. A comprehensive account of CES interplay, and its contribution to the development of psychiatric disorders, has yet to emerge. We propose to create a network of cognitive/affective neuroscientists, behavioral endocrinologists and clinical researchers to develop experimental tools to directly examine CES interactions and their role in psychopathology. Six researchers (3 from Michigan and 3 from Columbia) will work together to (1) establish a translational network of clinical and basic behavioral scientists, (2) develop paradigms to study CES interactions, (3) collect pilot data to map the neurocircuitry of CES interaction, and (4) translate this approach to the study of psychopathology. To pursue these aims we propose specific steps towards network building (to create a multidisciplinary team and context for training translational scientists), paradigm development (to create novel experimental approaches), pilot experiments (to begin mapping the CES neurocircuitry), and translation to clinical relevance (by applying the models to psychiatric disorders, starting with PTSD). Three pilot experiments will utilize emotional (social stress), somatic (elevating cortisol) and cognitive manipulations, evaluating impacts in the domains of stimulus appraisal and decision making using neuroanatomical (fMRI), behavioral, and neuroendocrine outcome measures. These experiments will begin mapping CES neurocircuitry, probing interactions between and within prefrontal cortical regions (like cingulate and dorsomedial gyri, insula) and limbic structures (like amygdala, hippocampus, ventral caudate), and facilitate further paradigm development. The collaborative environment and multidisciplinary team will foster translational behavioral science mental health research, developing new paradigms and collecting preliminary data on CES interaction that shape behavior and contribute to psychopathology. It will provide a foundation for larger translational science projects and a context for training the translational scientists of the future.