Estimating the Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders among At-Risk Drivers

描述(由申请人提供)：这项提案旨在对即将到来的2006年国家公路安全和交通管理局(NHSTA)全国路边调查(NRS)的大约6,000名参与者进行酒精使用障碍(AUD)的简短筛查。有大量证据表明，在酒后驾车罪犯中，酗酒和酗酒者的比例过高，对公路和交通安全构成了重大威胁。一个简短的AUD筛选器被验证为AUDS的快速路边评估，建议包括在即将到来的NRS中。这个项目将阐明一般司机，更具体地说，通过标准化呼气测试测量的血液酒精含量升高的司机目前存在酒精问题的程度。如果成功，这一筛查将帮助政策制定者确定对酒后驾车罪犯的适当干预服务，并将横断面袋子读数与不同类型的病理性酒精使用相关，即酗酒、酗酒、酗酒和依赖(未得到满足的治疗需求的潜在信号)。建议在这项大型路边调查中使用的酒精筛查是以现有证据为基础的，这些证据来自于对酒精筛查进行提炼、试点并验证为快速路边筛查工具的探索性计划。使用的测量结构是酒精使用障碍识别测试(AUDIT)的消费子量表和酒精使用障碍及相关残疾访谈时间表(AUDADIS)。这项工作分为三个不同的阶段。第一阶段需要为部署6,000个国家报告病例做准备。第二阶段是部署NRS计划，第三阶段致力于数据分析和调查结果的传播。这项工作的具体目标是：目标1：评估酒精使用障碍者在夜间周末驾车人群中的存在程度，夜间驾车人群是与酒精有关的车祸死亡风险最大的时期。目的2：评估横断面BAG与活跃的AUD状态之间的关系，包括针对活跃的其他药物使用进行调整。目标3：确定夜间周末司机的特征，表明未满足与药物和酒精相关的预防或干预服务的治疗需求。健康意义：这项工作的意义最好从分配大量社会资源来解决州法律通过所证明的被认为是慢性酒后驾车违法者的AUD司机所构成的感知风险的角度来看待。这一全国范围的概率样本将使全国能够估计AUDS患者在最有可能发生车祸、受伤和死亡的驾驶和乘客人群中的程度。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to implement a brief screen for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among the approximate 6,000 participants in the upcoming 2006 National Highway Safety and Traffic Administration (NHSTA) National Roadside Survey (NRS). There is a body of evidence that purports heavy and problem drinkers are overrepresented in the population of DUI offenders and pose a significant threat to highway and traffic safety. A brief AUD screener validated as rapid roadside assessment of AUDs is proposed for inclusion in the upcoming NRS. This project will clarify the extent to which drivers in general, and more specifically drivers with elevated blood alcohol contents as measured by standardized breath tests have current alcohol problems. If successful, this screen will aid policymakers in determining appropriate intervention services for DUI offenders as well as correlate cross-sectional BAG readings with varying types of pathological alcohol use, namely binge drinking, heavy drinking, and alcohol abuse and dependence (potential signals for unmet treatment need). The alcohol screen proposed for use in this large roadside survey is grounded in existing evidence derived from and exploratory program where the screener was refined, piloted and validated as a rapid roadside screening tool. The measurement constructs to be employed are the consumption subscale of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS). This work is divided into three distinct phases. Phase 1 entails preparation for the 6,000 case fielding of the NRS. Phase 2 is the fielding of the NRS Program and Phase 3 is dedicated to analysis of data and dissemination of findings. The specific aims of this work are: Aim 1: To assess the extent to which persons with alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) are present in the nighttime weekend driving population, the period of greatest risk for alcohol-related crash fatalities. Aim 2; To conduct an assessment of the relationship between cross-sectional BAG and active AUD status, including adjustment for active other drug use. Aim 3: To identify characteristics of nighttime weekend drivers that signal unmet treatment need for drug- and alcohol-related prevention or intervention services. Health significance: The significance of this work is best viewed in light of the substantial societal resources being allocated to address the perceived risk posed by AUD drivers who are believed to be chronic DUI offenders as evidenced by the passage of state laws. This nationwide probability sample will enable national prevalence estimates of the extent to which persons with AUDs are represented in the most at-risk for crash, injury and death driving and passenger population.