Estimating the Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders among At-Risk Drivers

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案旨在对即将举行的2006年国家公路安全和交通管理局（NHSTA）国家路边调查（NRS）中的约6,000名参与者进行酒精使用障碍（AUD）的简要筛查。有大量证据表明，酗酒者和问题饮酒者在酒后驾车罪犯中所占比例过高，对高速公路和交通安全构成重大威胁。一个简短的AUD筛选验证为快速路边评估AUD建议纳入即将到来的NRS。该项目将澄清一般司机，更具体地说，通过标准化呼气测试测量血液酒精含量升高的司机目前有酒精问题的程度。如果成功的话，这个屏幕将帮助决策者确定适当的干预服务DUI罪犯以及相关的横截面BAG读数与不同类型的病理性酒精使用，即酗酒，酗酒，酒精滥用和依赖（未满足的治疗需求的潜在信号）。酒精屏幕建议使用在这个大的路边调查是基于现有的证据和探索性的计划，筛选器进行了完善，试点和验证作为一个快速的路边筛选工具。将采用的测量结构是酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）和酒精使用障碍和相关残疾访谈时间表（AUDADIS）的消费分量表。这项工作分为三个不同的阶段。第一阶段需要为NRS的6，000个案件的现场部署做准备。第二阶段是NRS计划的实地部署，第三阶段致力于数据分析和调查结果的传播。这项工作的具体目标是：目标1：评估酒精使用障碍（AUDs）的人在夜间周末驾驶人群中的存在程度，这是酒精相关车祸死亡风险最大的时期。目的2：评估横断面BAG与活性AUD状态之间的关系，包括对活性其他药物使用进行调整。目标3：识别周末夜间驾驶员的特征，这些特征表明药物和酒精相关预防或干预服务的治疗需求未得到满足。健康意义：这项工作的意义是最好的看法，鉴于大量的社会资源正在分配，以解决由澳元司机谁被认为是慢性DUI罪犯所构成的感知风险，证明了国家法律的通过。这一全国范围的概率样本将使全国流行率估计的程度，与AUD的人是代表在最危险的碰撞，受伤和死亡的驾驶和乘客人口。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal seeks to implement a brief screen for alcohol use disorders (AUDs) among the approximate 6,000 participants in the upcoming 2006 National Highway Safety and Traffic Administration (NHSTA) National Roadside Survey (NRS). There is a body of evidence that purports heavy and problem drinkers are overrepresented in the population of DUI offenders and pose a significant threat to highway and traffic safety. A brief AUD screener validated as rapid roadside assessment of AUDs is proposed for inclusion in the upcoming NRS. This project will clarify the extent to which drivers in general, and more specifically drivers with elevated blood alcohol contents as measured by standardized breath tests have current alcohol problems. If successful, this screen will aid policymakers in determining appropriate intervention services for DUI offenders as well as correlate cross-sectional BAG readings with varying types of pathological alcohol use, namely binge drinking, heavy drinking, and alcohol abuse and dependence (potential signals for unmet treatment need). The alcohol screen proposed for use in this large roadside survey is grounded in existing evidence derived from and exploratory program where the screener was refined, piloted and validated as a rapid roadside screening tool. The measurement constructs to be employed are the consumption subscale of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS). This work is divided into three distinct phases. Phase 1 entails preparation for the 6,000 case fielding of the NRS. Phase 2 is the fielding of the NRS Program and Phase 3 is dedicated to analysis of data and dissemination of findings. The specific aims of this work are: Aim 1: To assess the extent to which persons with alcohol-use disorders (AUDs) are present in the nighttime weekend driving population, the period of greatest risk for alcohol-related crash fatalities. Aim 2; To conduct an assessment of the relationship between cross-sectional BAG and active AUD status, including adjustment for active other drug use. Aim 3: To identify characteristics of nighttime weekend drivers that signal unmet treatment need for drug- and alcohol-related prevention or intervention services. Health significance: The significance of this work is best viewed in light of the substantial societal resources being allocated to address the perceived risk posed by AUD drivers who are believed to be chronic DUI offenders as evidenced by the passage of state laws. This nationwide probability sample will enable national prevalence estimates of the extent to which persons with AUDs are represented in the most at-risk for crash, injury and death driving and passenger population.