Alcohol policies to prevent and reduce youth violence exposure

 描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的应用程序，提交的回应疾病预防控制中心RFA-CE-15-001“研究赠款预防暴力和暴力相关的伤害（R 01）”旨在严格评估结构性干预措施，特别是针对酒精政策的初级预防青少年暴力在美国的儿童和青少年。具体来说，我们的研究重点是酒精出口密度（一个结构/环境因素）和酒精环境变化之间的关系，由于酒精政策（例如，增税和周日销售限制）对美国10个州的青年暴力率的影响，这些州是酒精饮料控制州，并有关于青年暴力犯罪的可靠数据。我们提供了一个更深入的分析，在1个国家检查政策执行和整体社区混乱/劣势的变化的中介作用。有大量文献表明，酒精环境会影响社区暴力和成年人之间其他形式的人际暴力，例如，人身攻击（例如，富兰克林等人，2010; Gorman等人，1998; Gorman等人，2001，Jennings等人，2014）。专门审查与酒精环境有关的结构性干预措施作为预防和减少青年暴力的手段的研究要少得多，而且主要限于研究改变欧洲的最低饮酒年龄（Toomey和Wagenaar，1999年; Callaghan等人，2014; Kypri等人，2014）。拟议的研究提供了一个独特的机会，以审查酒精出口和结构性干预措施的整体影响，旨在减少酒精出口密度和青年暴力的可用性。我们还探讨了整体邻里障碍的潜在中介作用，这是一种已知的酒精出口密度增加的相关性。这项研究将评估酒类销售点密度和结构性干预措施对儿童和青少年暴力行为的影响。据我们所知，这将是第一次全面评估，确定儿童和青少年之间的这种关系。这项研究的具体目标是：目标1：确定青年暴力作为酒精出口密度和旨在规范和减少酒精出口密度的政策的函数在多大程度上共同变化，在国家样本中的可用性和获取。目标2：在国家样本中检查酒精出口密度与青年暴力可用性之间的纵向关系（2004-2012年）。我们将研究酒精政策和整体社区特征的中介作用，并研究基线酒精出口密度的调节作用。目标3：评估结构性干预措施的影响，以限制酒精出口密度和可用性和相应的执法策略对青年暴力的马里兰州，一个半酒精饮料控制状态与几个最近和历史上的立法政策有关的酒精，理论上影响AODA和随后的青年暴力率。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed application, submitted in response to CDC RFA-CE-15-001 'Research Grants for Preventing Violence and Violence Related Injury (R01)' seeks to rigorously evaluate structural interventions focused specifically on alcohol policies for the primary prevention of youth violence in US-based children and adolescents. Specifically we focus our study on the relationship between alcohol outlet density (a structural/environmental factor) and changes in the alcohol environment due to alcohol policies (e.g., tax increases and Sunday sales restrictions) on subsequent rates of youth violence in a cross-section of 10 U.S. States that are Alcohol Beverage Control States and have publically available data on youth violence perpetration. We provide a more in-depth analysis in 1 state to examine the mediating role of policy enforcement and changes in overall community disorder/disadvantage. There is a sizable body of literature demonstrating that the alcohol environment impacts community violence and other forms of interpersonal violence among adults, e.g., physical assaults (e.g., Franklin et al., 2010; Gorman et al., 1998; Gorman et al., 2001, Jennings et al., 2014). Far less research has been conducted that specifically examines structural interventions related to the alcohol environment as a means to prevent and reduce youth violence and have predominantly been limited to studies of changing the minimum drinking age in Europe (Toomey and Wagenaar, 1999; Callaghan, et al., 2014; Kypri, et al., 2014). The proposed research provides a unique opportunity to examine the overall impact of alcohol outlets and structural interventions designed to reduce alcohol outlet density and availability on youth violence. We also explore the potential mediating role of overall neighborhood disorder, a known correlate of increased alcohol outlet density. This study will evaluate the impact of alcohol outlet density and structural interventions on violence perpetrated by children and adolescents. To our knowledge, this would provide the first comprehensive evaluation that identifies this relationship among children and adolescents. The Specific Aims of this research are to: Aim 1: Determine the extent to which youth violence co-varies as a function of alcohol outlet density and policies designed to regulate and reduce alcohol outlet density, availability and access in a national sample. Aim 2: Examine the longitudinal relationship (from 2004-2012) between alcohol outlet density and availability on youth violence in national sample. We will examine the mediating role of alcohol policies and overall community characteristics, and examine the moderating role of baseline alcohol outlet density. Aim 3: Evaluate the impact of structural interventions to restrict alcohol outlet density and availability and corresponding enforcement strategies on youth violence in Maryland, a semi-alcohol beverage controls state with several recent and historical legislative policies related to alcohol that are theorized to impact AODA and subsequent rates of youth violence.