Long-Term Effects of the Moving-to-Opportunity Experiment on Youth Violence

在美国，不同社区的青少年暴力行为差异很大。 “基于场所”的干预措施在预防青年暴力方面的潜在价值。 目标：我们建议评估一个值得注意的基于场所的干预：向机会移动 (MTO)随机住房流动性实验，随机分配一些公共住房家庭， 而不是其他人有机会搬迁到不那么不利和危险的社区。我们寻求 了解干预措施对青少年暴力犯罪和受害的长期影响（9-12岁 随机化后），这些影响如何随着时间的推移而演变，对青年参与者的影响是否更大 最近的研究表明，他们是随机分配的非常年幼的孩子， 或MTO影响青年暴力的环境机制。 研究设计：随机比较青少年的平均暴力受害率和犯罪率 分配到不同的MTO移动治疗组。 背景：自1994年以来，共有4600个低收入，大多数是少数民族的公共住房家庭参加了 5个城市的MTO（巴尔的摩、波士顿、芝加哥、洛杉矶和纽约市）。 参与者：随机分配的MTO家庭中的所有青年及其父母或其他成年人。 干预措施：MTO改变了青少年暴露于各种各样的风险和保护因素，这些因素可能会有所不同 系统地跨越邻里环境，包括同龄人和成年人关于暴力的规范， 社区一级的组织，如学校和公共卫生或刑事司法机构。 成果措施：我们寻求资金，收集暴力犯罪和其他逮捕的行政数据， 所有MTO青年和成年人，以衡量青年暴力行为，以及儿童虐待的父母，或 随机化后9-12年的其他成年监护人。我们还寻求资金来扩大我们计划的调查 在2006年底，对多达6 800名10-20岁的青年进行了调查，以包括暴力和危险行为的措施， 暴力侵害、性虐待和其他形式的虐待儿童。

Youth violence varies dramatically across neighborhoods in the U.S. These patterns highlight the potential value of "place-based" interventions to prevent youth violence. Objectives: We propose to evaluate one notable place-based intervention: The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized housing-mobility experiment, which randomly assigns some public housing families but not others the chance to relocate to less disadvantaged and dangerous neighborhoods. We seek to understand the intervention's long-term effects on youth violence perpetration and victimization (9-12 years after randomization), how these impacts evolve over time, whether effects are larger for youth participants who are very young children at random assignment as recent research would suggest, and the behavioral or environmental mechanisms through which MTO affects youth violence. Study Design: Comparison of average violence victimization and perpetration rates for youth randomly assigned to different MTO mobility treatment groups. Setting: Since 1994 a total of 4600 low-income, mostly minority public housing families have enrolled in MTO in 5 cities (Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York City). Participants: All youth and their parents or other adults in MTO households at random assignment. Interventions: MTO changes youth exposure to a wide variety of risk and protective factors that may vary systematically across neighborhood contexts, including peer and adult norms about violence and community-level organizations such as schools and public health or criminal justice agencies. Outcome Measures: We seek funding to collect administrative data on violent crime and other arrests for all MTO youth and adults to measure youth violent behavior, as well as child maltreatment by parents or other adult guardians 9-12 years after randomization. We also seek funding to expand our planned surveys of up to 6800 youth ages 10-20 at the end of 2006 to include measures of violent and risky behavior, violence victimization, sexual abuse and other forms of child maltreatment.