Neighborhoods, Speech Patterns, and Schooling

社区、言语模式和学校教育

• 批准号: 8112557
• 负责人: Jens Ludwig
• 金额: $ 18.2万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8112557
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adult; African American; Age; American; Area; Baltimore; Boston; Censuses; Chicago; Child; Cities; Code; Communities; Complement; Confidentiality; Control Groups; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Education; Eligibility Determination; Enrollment; Environment; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Family; Female; Funding; Genetic Transcription; Housing; Income; Intervention; Life; Light; Linguistics; Link; Longitudinal Surveys; Los Angeles; Low income; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Minority; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nature; Neighborhoods; New York; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Pattern; Perception; Phonetics; Population Study; Poverty; Public Housing; Race; Randomized; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Resources; Sampling; Schools; Sex Characteristics; Social Environment; Social Policies; Source; Speech; Surveys; Variant; Writing; Youth; authority; cohort; design; falls; male; metropolitan; payment; phonology; programs; public health relevance; research study; teacher; voucher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal requests funding to launch a research program to understand how and why speech patterns vary across neighborhoods, as well as the implications of speech for the schooling outcomes of disadvantaged children. Speech is socially constructed, and so neighborhood environments may have some effect on the use of dialects such as African-American Vernacular English (AAVE). Previous research suggests use of AAVE is negatively associated with academic achievement, which could occur if AAVE makes it more difficult to read and write standard American English (SAE), or because use of AAVE may engender discrimination from teachers. We have assembled a team of leading economists and socio-linguists to address these questions by exploiting unique new speech data collected using comparable speech measures as part of the HUD-funded Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized mobility experiment, and as part of a major population study, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort (NLSY97). We request funding for the following main aims: 1. Transcribe speech samples from MTO and NLSY97, categorize speech through listener perceptions of the speaker's race, as well as linguistic analysis, which will include measurement of phonological, morphosyntactic, phonetic, and acoustic features; 2. Document the amount of across-neighborhood variation in speech that exists in the national NLSY97 sample, and determine how much of this variation is accounted for by family background; 3. Estimate the causal effects of neighborhood environments on the speech patterns of some of our nation's most disadvantaged minority children by exploiting the experimental design of MTO; 4. Use the NLSY97 to establish where in the national speech distribution MTO youth fall as a way of understanding the magnitude of speech impacts and the generalizability of the MTO results; 5. Exploit variation in MTO children's age at baseline to determine how the sensitivity of speech to environmental conditions varies by age (which has been a major question in the socio-linguistics field); 6. Determine whether the speech patterns of male and female youth respond differently to neighborhood social environments, as research in socio-linguistics suggests could be the case and which in turn could potentially explain gender differences in MTO impacts on youth found in previous MTO research; 7. Estimate non-experimentally the association between speech and schooling outcomes in the MTO and NLSY97 data, and whether speech mediates neighborhood effects on schooling; 8. Create versions of the MTO and NLSY97 datasets to be made available for secondary analysis. Successfully addressing these aims would generate new evidence about how and why speech varies across neighborhoods and the potential implications of this speech variation for schooling outcomes, and would also help motivate and guide future research that seeks to identify the causal speech-schooling link. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal requests funding to launch a research program to understand how and why speech patterns vary across neighborhoods, as well as the implications of speech patterns for the schooling outcomes of children growing up in disadvantaged communities. Our research seeks to shed additional light on the out-of-school factors that contribute to disparities in schooling and related life outcomes across neighborhoods, which may help guide the design of new education and social policy interventions to remediate these disparities.

描述(由申请人提供)：这项提案要求提供资金，以启动一项研究计划，以了解不同社区的言语模式如何以及为什么不同，以及言语对弱势儿童的教育结果的影响。语言是社会建构的，因此邻里环境可能会对方言的使用产生一些影响，如非裔美国人的白话英语(AAVE)。之前的研究表明，AAVE的使用与学业成绩呈负相关，如果AAVE使标准美国英语(SAE)的阅读和写作变得更加困难，或者因为AAVE的使用可能导致教师的歧视，就可能发生这种情况。我们召集了一个由领先的经济学家和社会语言学家组成的团队，通过利用收集的独特的新语音数据来解决这些问题，这些数据使用了可比的言语测量，作为住房和城市发展部资助的转向机会(MTO)随机流动实验的一部分，以及作为一项重大人口研究的一部分，即1997年全国青年纵向调查(NLSY97)的一部分。我们为以下主要目标申请资金：1.转录MTO和NLSY97的语音样本，通过听者对说话人种族的感知以及语言分析对语音进行分类，这将包括对语音、形态合成、语音和声学特征的测量；2.记录全国NLSY97样本中存在的跨社区语音变异的数量，并确定这种变异中有多少是由家庭背景造成的；3.利用MTO的实验设计来估计邻里环境对我国一些最弱势少数族裔儿童言语模式的因果影响；4.使用NLSY97确定MTO青年在全国言语分布中的位置，以此作为了解言语影响的程度和MTO结果的概括性的一种方式；5.利用MTO儿童基线年龄的差异来确定言语对环境条件的敏感性如何随年龄变化(这一直是社会语言学领域的一个主要问题)；6.确定男女青年的言语模式是否如社会语言学研究所表明的那样，对邻里社会环境的反应不同，这反过来可能解释MTO对青年影响的性别差异；7.在MTO和NLSY97数据中非实验地估计语言和学校教育结果之间的联系，以及语言是否中介了邻里关系对学校教育的影响；8.创建MTO和NLSY97数据集的版本，以供二级分析使用。成功地实现这些目标将产生新的证据，说明不同社区的言语差异是如何以及为什么会发生变化，以及这种言语差异对学校教育结果的潜在影响，也将有助于激励和指导未来的研究，试图找出语言和学校教育之间的因果联系。 与公共健康相关：这项提案要求提供资金，以启动一项研究计划，以了解不同社区的言语模式如何以及为什么不同，以及言语模式对在贫困社区长大的儿童的教育结果的影响。我们的研究试图进一步阐明造成社区间学校教育和相关生活结果差异的校外因素，这可能有助于指导新的教育和社会政策干预措施的设计，以弥补这些差异。