Neighborhoods, Speech Patterns, and Schooling

社区、言语模式和学校教育

• 批准号: 7990682
• 负责人: Jens Ludwig
• 金额: $ 22.49万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-01 至 2012-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7990682
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Accounting; Acoustics; Address; Adult; African American; Age; American; Area; Baltimore; Boston; Censuses; Chicago; Child; Cities; Code; Communities; Complement; Confidentiality; Control Groups; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Disadvantaged; Discrimination; Education; Eligibility Determination; Enrollment; Environment; Evaluation; Experimental Designs; Family; Female; Funding; Future; Genetic Transcription; Housing; Income; Intervention; Life; Light; Linguistics; Link; Longitudinal Surveys; Los Angeles; Low income; Marketing; Measurement; Measures; Mediating; Minority; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nature; Neighborhoods; New York; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Pattern; Perception; Phonetics; Population Study; Poverty; Public Housing; Race; Randomized; Reading; Request for Proposals; Research; Resources; Sampling; Schools; Sex Characteristics; Social Environment; Social Policies; Source; Speech; Surveys; Variant; Writing; Youth; authority; cohort; design; falls; male; metropolitan; payment; phonology; programs; public health relevance; research study; teacher; voucher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal requests funding to launch a research program to understand how and why speech patterns vary across neighborhoods, as well as the implications of speech for the schooling outcomes of disadvantaged children. Speech is socially constructed, and so neighborhood environments may have some effect on the use of dialects such as African-American Vernacular English (AAVE). Previous research suggests use of AAVE is negatively associated with academic achievement, which could occur if AAVE makes it more difficult to read and write standard American English (SAE), or because use of AAVE may engender discrimination from teachers. We have assembled a team of leading economists and socio-linguists to address these questions by exploiting unique new speech data collected using comparable speech measures as part of the HUD-funded Moving to Opportunity (MTO) randomized mobility experiment, and as part of a major population study, the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 cohort (NLSY97). We request funding for the following main aims: 1. Transcribe speech samples from MTO and NLSY97, categorize speech through listener perceptions of the speaker's race, as well as linguistic analysis, which will include measurement of phonological, morphosyntactic, phonetic, and acoustic features; 2. Document the amount of across-neighborhood variation in speech that exists in the national NLSY97 sample, and determine how much of this variation is accounted for by family background; 3. Estimate the causal effects of neighborhood environments on the speech patterns of some of our nation's most disadvantaged minority children by exploiting the experimental design of MTO; 4. Use the NLSY97 to establish where in the national speech distribution MTO youth fall as a way of understanding the magnitude of speech impacts and the generalizability of the MTO results; 5. Exploit variation in MTO children's age at baseline to determine how the sensitivity of speech to environmental conditions varies by age (which has been a major question in the socio-linguistics field); 6. Determine whether the speech patterns of male and female youth respond differently to neighborhood social environments, as research in socio-linguistics suggests could be the case and which in turn could potentially explain gender differences in MTO impacts on youth found in previous MTO research; 7. Estimate non-experimentally the association between speech and schooling outcomes in the MTO and NLSY97 data, and whether speech mediates neighborhood effects on schooling; 8. Create versions of the MTO and NLSY97 datasets to be made available for secondary analysis. Successfully addressing these aims would generate new evidence about how and why speech varies across neighborhoods and the potential implications of this speech variation for schooling outcomes, and would also help motivate and guide future research that seeks to identify the causal speech-schooling link. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal requests funding to launch a research program to understand how and why speech patterns vary across neighborhoods, as well as the implications of speech patterns for the schooling outcomes of children growing up in disadvantaged communities. Our research seeks to shed additional light on the out-of-school factors that contribute to disparities in schooling and related life outcomes across neighborhoods, which may help guide the design of new education and social policy interventions to remediate these disparities.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案要求提供资金，以启动一项研究计划，以了解不同社区的言语模式如何以及为什么会有所不同，以及言语对弱势儿童学业成果的影响。言语是社会建构的，因此邻里环境可能会对非裔美国人方言英语（AAVE）等方言的使用产生一定影响。先前的研究表明，使用AAVE与学业成绩呈负相关，如果AAVE使阅读和书写标准美国英语（SAE）变得更加困难，或者因为使用AAVE可能会引起教师的歧视，那么可能会发生这种情况。我们组建了一个由领先的经济学家和社会语言学家组成的团队，通过利用独特的新语音数据来解决这些问题，这些数据是使用可比语音测量方法收集的，作为HUD资助的移动到机会（MTO）随机流动性实验的一部分，以及作为主要人口研究的一部分，全国青年纵向调查，1997年队列（NLSY 97）。我们要求为以下主要目标提供资金：1。转录来自MTO和NLSY 97的语音样本，通过听众对说话者种族的感知以及语言分析对语音进行分类，其中包括语音，形态句法，语音和声学特征的测量; 2.记录全国NLSY 97样本中存在的语音跨社区变化的数量，并确定家庭背景占这种变化的多少; 3。运用MTO实验设计，估计邻里环境对我国部分弱势少数民族儿童言语模式的因果影响;使用NLSY 97来确定在全国演讲分布中，MTO青年的位置，以了解演讲影响的大小和MTO结果的普遍性;利用MTO儿童基线年龄的变化来确定语言对环境条件的敏感性如何随年龄而变化（这一直是社会语言学领域的一个主要问题）; 6.确定男性和女性青年的言语模式是否对社区社会环境有不同的反应，正如社会语言学研究所表明的那样，这反过来又可能解释先前MTO研究中发现的MTO对青年影响的性别差异; 7.非实验性地估计MTO和NLSY 97数据中的言语和学校教育成果之间的关联，以及言语是否介导了邻里对学校教育的影响; 8.创建MTO和NLSY 97数据集的版本，以供二次分析使用。成功地解决这些目标将产生新的证据，说明如何以及为什么言语在社区之间存在差异，以及这种言语差异对学校教育成果的潜在影响，也将有助于激励和指导未来的研究，以确定因果言语-学校教育联系。 公共卫生关系：该提案要求提供资金，以启动一项研究计划，以了解不同社区的言语模式如何以及为什么会有所不同，以及言语模式对弱势社区儿童教育成果的影响。我们的研究旨在进一步阐明校外因素，这些因素导致社区之间的学校教育和相关生活结果的差异，这可能有助于指导新的教育和社会政策干预措施的设计，以弥补这些差异。