Youth Violence and Housing Programs to Deconcentrate Poverty

旨在消除贫困的青少年暴力和住房计划

• 批准号: 7930662
• 负责人: Jens Ludwig
• 金额: $ 44.92万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7930662
• 关键词: Youth; Violence; Housing; Programs; Deconcentrate

Description (Provided by Applicant): Statement of the Problem: Rates of youth violence perpetration and victimization vary dramatically across neighborhoods, contributing to health disparities within the U.S. across race and social class lines. Purpose of the Proposed Project: This project seeks to evaluate the effects on youth violence perpetration and victimization of a randomized housing policy intervention in the city of Chicago designed to de- concentrate areas of poverty and violence. The use of random assignment to the intervention wait list together with administrative data enables us to carry out an incredibly cost-effective evaluation that is as rigorous as any randomized experiment - but at just a small fraction of the cost. Methods and Study Population: In 1997, Chicago re-opened the housing voucher program's wait list for the first time in 12 years. A total of 82,607 eligible families applied, far in excess of the number of available vouchers, and so applicants were assigned by random lottery to a wait list. We focus here on the 10 percent of families living in public housing at baseline. Below we provide preliminary results showing that for these families, vouchers generate sizable changes in community environments. On the other hand wait-list position is unrelated to baseline socio-demographic characteristics - that is, the random voucher lottery was indeed random. We measure youth involvement in violence perpetration by matching to administrative arrest records from the Illinois State Police (ISP), and measure youth violence victimization using mortality data from the National Death Index (NDI). The causal effects of housing vouchers on youth violence outcomes are identified by essentially comparing outcomes for youth whose families are randomly assigned to "good" versus "bad" wait-list positions. Evidence on how effects vary across youth by baseline characteristics can provide information about how community-level risk and protective factors interact with youth-level risk and protective factors such as age, gender, and family structure, as well as developmental factors such as prior offending trajectory. Information about mechanisms will come from analyzing voucher impacts on individual- and community-level candidate mediating factors. Finally, outcomes will be compared for youth whose families make different types of moves with their housing vouchers to examine whether neighborhood effects on youth violence are linear or non-linear with respect to specific neighborhood attributes. Implications for Prevention: The findings from our project should be relevant to a vast set of housing policy decisions that have the potential to shape the concentration and overall volume of youth violence in America. Our study may also directly aid in the design of new community-oriented health interventions targeted at the specific factors within the social environment that influence youth violence. This project seeks to evaluate the effects on youth violence perpetration and victimization of a randomized housing policy intervention in the city of Chicago designed to de-concentrate areas of poverty and violence. The use of random assignment to the intervention wait list together with administrative data enables us to carry out an incredibly cost-effective evaluation of an intervention that helps youth move to less disadvantaged, dangerous neighborhoods that is as rigorous as any randomized experiment - but at just a small fraction of the cost. Findings from this study should be relevant to a vast set of housing policy decisions that have the potential to shape the concentration and overall volume of youth violence in America, and may also directly aid in the design of new community-oriented health interventions targeted at the specific factors within the social environment that influence youth violence.

描述（由申请人提供）：问题的说明：在社区之间，青年暴力持续性和受害的率差异很大，这导致了美国跨种族和社会阶层界线的健康差异。拟议项目的目的：该项目旨在评估对芝加哥市一项随机住房政策干预措施对青年暴力的影响，旨在消除贫困和暴力领域。将随机分配在干预等待列表中以及管理数据一起使用，使我们能够进行令人难以置信的具有成本效益的评估，该评估与任何随机实验一样严格 - 但仅占成本的一小部分。方法和研究人群：1997年，芝加哥在12年内首次重新开放了住房凭证计划的等待名单。总共申请了82,607个合格的家庭，远远超过可用凭证数量，因此随机彩票将申请人分配给等待名单。我们将重点放在居住在基线公共住房中的10％的家庭。下面我们提供了初步结果，表明对于这些家庭，优惠券会在社区环境中产生相当大的变化。另一方面，等待名单的位置与基线社会人口统计学特征无关 - 也就是说，随机凭证彩票确实是随机的。我们通过与伊利诺伊州警察（ISP）的行政逮捕记录相匹配，并使用国家死亡指数（NDI）的死亡率数据来衡量青年参与暴力犯罪。住房凭证对青年暴力结果的因果影响是通过比较年轻人的结果来确定的，他们的家庭被随机分配给“好”与“坏”等待名单。关于如何根据基线特征在青年中各种影响的证据可以提供有关社区级风险和保护因素如何与青年级风险和保护性因素（例如年龄，性别和家庭结构）以及发展因素（如先前的犯罪轨迹）相互作用的信息。有关机制的信息将来自分析对个人和社区级候选人中介因素的影响。最后，将对家庭与住房优惠券进行不同类型的举动的年轻人进行比较，以检查邻里对青年暴力的影响是否在特定邻里属性方面是线性的还是非线性的。对预防的影响：我们项目的发现应与一系列有可能塑造美国青年暴力集中和整体数量的住房政策决策有关。我们的研究还可以直接帮助设计针对影响青年暴力的社会环境中的特定因素的新的面向社区的健康干预措施。该项目旨在评估对芝加哥市一项随机住房政策干预措施对青年暴力的影响，旨在消除贫困和暴力的集中地区。将随机分配在干预等待名单上以及管理数据一起使用，使我们能够对干预措施进行令人难以置信的具有成本效益的评估，该干预措施有助于年轻人转向与任何随机实验一样严格的弱势群，危险的社区，但仅需一小部分成本。这项研究的结果应与一系列有可能塑造美国青年暴力的集中和整体数量的住房政策决策有关，并且还可以直接帮助设计针对影响青年暴力的社会环境中针对特定因素的新的面向社区的健康干预措施。