Assembly of the most massive black holes in the universe

质量最大的黑洞，其质量可达100亿太阳质量，是在附近宇宙中巨大的红色椭圆星系的中心发现的。我们的项目将集中于了解这些极端黑洞如何以及何时聚集它们的质量。我们将从考虑它们的宿主星系开始，诊断这些星系是如何进化的，并在更遥远的宇宙中识别它们的祖先。然后，我们将使用深x射线调查数据来评估这些星系何时拥有发光的AGN，并及时跟踪它们的黑洞的增长。利用SDSS-V数据，我们将直接识别宇宙时间内最大的黑洞，限制它们的发生率，提取它们的宿主星系的属性，并确定这些物体如何在附近的宇宙中产生巨大的黑洞。

The most massive black holes, with up to 10 billion solar masses, are found at the centres of massive, red elliptical galaxies in the nearby universe. Our project will focus on understanding how and when these extreme black holes assembled their mass. We will start by considering their host galaxies, diagnosing how these galaxies have evolved and identifying their progenitors in the more distant universe. We will then use deep X-ray survey data to assess when such galaxies hosted luminous AGN and track the growth of their black holes back in time. Using SDSS-V data, we will directly identify the most massive black holes over cosmic time as they grow, constrain their incidence, extract the properties of their host galaxies and the determine how such objects can produce the massive black holes in the nearby universe.