Concepts and Measures of Race and Ethnic Identities

许多国家政策和法律，如缩小健康差距和执行民权，都依赖于 按种族和民族对人口的测量。然而，越来越多的人对 美国社会统计中种族和民族数据的可靠性和准确性。拟议的研究将 解决影响种族概念化和衡量的一些主要根本问题 美国的种族认同与2000年人口普查、国家纵向调查的数据 在华盛顿州的青少年健康(ADD Health)和高中以后调查。具体的 这项研究项目的目的是：(1)开发一种单一和多种族身份的类型学，可以 系统地比较不同的调查问题、管理记录和感知 种族/族裔分类，(2)探讨对不同调查问题的回答方式的差异 种族和民族认同，包括分析哪些人因应 不同的问题，(3)估计作为以下函数的个人种族/民族认同的基线模型 父母的血统和外表(基于照片)，并调查这一参数是如何 模型因家庭背景特征(出生地、家庭语言、社会经济地位)而异，(4)测试 背景、互惠和同伴身份如何影响个人种族选择的假设，(5)估计 历史时间和早期生命过程中种族和民族认同的一致性和变化模式， (6)评估种族/民族界限的不同定义(例如，单一身份与多重身份)对以下方面的影响 教育抱负和成就方面的种族和民族差异，以及(7)发展理论图式 21世纪初影响种族和民族认同的基本原则 各州。

Many national policies and laws, such as reducing health disparities and civil rights enforcement, rely on the measurement of the population by race and ethnicity. There are, however, growing doubts about the reliability and accuracy of race and ethnic data in American social statistics. The proposed research will address some of the major underlying issues that influence the conceptualization and measurement of race and ethnic identities in the United States with data from the 2000 Census, the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and the Beyond High School Survey in Washington State. The specific aims of this research project are to: (1) develop a typology of single and multiracial identities that can be systematically compared across different survey questions, administrative records, and perceived race/ethnic classifications, (2) explore variations in the patterns of response to different survey questions on race and ethnic identities, including an analysis of which persons change their identities in response to different questions, (3) estimate a baseline model of individual race/ethnic identity(ies) as a function of parental ancestry and appearance (based on photographs) and to investigate how the parameters of this model vary by family background characteristics (birthplace, home language, socioeconomic status), (4) test hypotheses of how context, reciprocity, and peer identities influence individual ethnic choices, (5) estimate patterns of consistency and change in race and ethnic identities over historical time and the early life course, (6) estimate the impact of different definitions of race/ethnic boundaries (e.g., single vs. multiple identities) on race and ethnic disparities in educational aspirations and attainment, and (7) develop a theoretical schema of the underlying principles that influence race and ethnic identities in early twenty-first century United States.