Breaking the gender and identity boundaries of the symphonic form during the 20th century and beyond

交响乐是一种著名的管弦乐古典音乐形式，值得注意的是，佳能中的所有交响曲都是由男人创作的。它是一种与男性气质有关的艺术形式，被批判性地解释为男性作曲家用来表达和塑造他们的身份的东西。最近，女性创作的交响曲备受关注，其中两首将在2021年BBC逍遥音乐会上演出。然而，在音乐厅、历史书、教育和更广泛的社会中，女性创作的交响乐作品严重缺乏代表性。包括玛西娅·西特伦（Marcia Citron）和朱迪思·巴特勒（Judith Butler）在内的批评人士认识到，男性的声音和创造力在传统上是被认可的，而女性的声音和创造力却被贬低了。这种代表性的缺乏对女性艺术家和性别平等产生了重大影响。本研究将评估三位二十世纪重要作曲家的交响乐作品，他们分别是露丝·吉普斯（1921-1999）、伊娜·博伊尔（1889-1967）和弗洛伦斯·普赖斯（1887-1953）。直到最近，它们在很大程度上一直被忽视。日益增长的兴趣显示了她们对交响乐的重大贡献，以及她们对音乐女权主义的影响。通过对与他们的作品和背景相关的档案材料的深入分析，研究旨在提高他们的形象，突出他们通过交响乐形式塑造身份的能力。当时的评论和新闻报道试图通过将这些女性的音乐，特别是交响乐与男性交响乐相比较，来塑造和贬低这些女性的身份。理解这些作曲家的挑战对今天的女性有何帮助？这项研究将展示他们的交响乐作品如何反映阶级，性别，遗产和个人身份。它将论证女性作曲家的重要性，强调当代音乐家前进的道路，并显著拓宽我们对交响乐的理解。此外，它将为公平的性别认同代表，父权制如何在品味观念中被动员起来，以及这如何与当今对性别的理解联系起来做出更大的贡献。

The symphony is a renowned form of orchestral classical music, and notably all symphonies within the canon are those by men. It is an art form affiliated with masculinity, and critically interpreted as something male composers use to express and shape their identity. Recently, there has been attention paid to symphonies composed by women, two being performed at the BBC Proms, 2021. However, there is a severe lack of representation of symphonic works composed by women in the concert hall, history books, education and society more widely. Critics including Marcia Citron and Judith Butler recognise that male voices and creativity have traditionally been legitimised, whilst women's have been devalued. This lack of representation has significant consequences for female artists, and gender equality.This research will assess the symphonic works by three important twentieth century composers, Ruth Gipps (1921-1999), Ina Boyle (1889-1967), and Florence Price (1887-1953). They have, until recently, been largely overlooked. Growing interest has shown their significant contribution to the symphony, and their impact on feminism in music. Through a thorough analysis of archival material relating to their compositions and backgrounds, the research aims to raise their profiles, highlighting their ability to shape identity through symphonic form. Contemporaneous reviews and press coverage attempted to mould and delegitimise these women's identities by comparing their music, in particular the symphonies, to their male symphonic counterparts. How can understanding these composers' challenges help women today? This research will demonstrate how their symphonic works reflect class, gender, heritage, and personal identities. It will argue for the importance for woman composers, highlight ways moving forward for contemporary musicians, and significantly widen our understanding of the symphony. Moreover, it will add greater contributions to fair gender identityrepresentation, how patriarchy is mobilised in notions of taste, and how this links to understandings of gender today.