Restraint & Attributions: Risk Factors in Alcohol Abuse

描述（由申请人提供）：我们寻求继续我们的饮酒限制研究计划（即，控制酒精摄入量）。节制饮酒者在饮酒的诱惑和酒精摄入量的调节之间取得平衡。我们扩大了我们的概念框架，以考虑影响的作用，在规范饮酒的非成年人（年龄21 - 30岁）的社会饮酒者，谁可能有酗酒的风险。我们的框架整合了远端和近端的认知和情感因素。远端认知因素包括饮酒限制和酒精预期。远端情感包括积极因素（外倾性、生活满意度）和消极因素（神经质、抑郁）。饮酒动机（应对、增强）是近缘认知因素，饮酒前情绪（积极、消极）是近缘情感因素。我们假设远端和近端因素直接预测与非狂饮（<4杯/天）和狂饮（> 5杯/天，酒精问题）饮酒相关的调节结果。近端因素作为远端因素和酒精调节结果之间的干预变量。我们将：1）对提出的概念框架进行横断面测试，以确定远端和近端认知和情感因素在饮酒调节结果中的相对贡献。一个大样本的年轻人将完成问卷调查，代表感兴趣的结构，我们将使用结构方程模型来测试的概念框架。2)检查邻近情绪（积极和消极）和情景认知（即，饮酒动机）以及特质、情感和认知因素在情境饮酒中的作用。我们将进行一项实验，在实验中，我们诱导情绪（积极的，消极的，中性的）之前，随意饮酒任务和评估情境饮酒动机。在分层多元回归中，与酒精相关的因变量将回归到特质和状态变量上，这些变量以与概念框架一致的顺序输入。3)检查改变饮酒的近端预测因素（使用情绪调节来改变情绪，行为策略来改变动机，或两者兼而有之）是否会增强年轻人调节酒精摄入量的能力。参与者将被随机分配到2个阶段的干预，并在1个月、3个月和6个月进行随访。使用手机和交互式语音应答（IVR）软件进行日常自我监测的数据将为饮酒的情景前因提供详细的长期视角。建议的研究是创新的，在他们使用的补充方法（问卷调查，实验，日常监测）和技术（手机，IVR），以探讨认知和情感变量的作用，在一个综合的概念模型饮酒调节。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We seek to continue our program of research on drinking restraint (i.e., the preoccupation with controlling alcohol intake). Restrained drinkers balance between the temptation to drink and the regulation of alcohol intake. We broaden our conceptual framework to consider the role of affect in the regulation of drinking by young-adult (age 21-30 years) social drinkers, who may be at risk for alcohol abuse. Our framework integrates distal and proximal cognitive and affective factors. The distal cognitive factors include drinking restraint and alcohol expectancies. Distal affect includes positive (extraversion, life satisfaction) and negative (neuroticism, depression) factors. The proximal cognitive factors are drinking motives (coping, enhancement) and the proximal affective factors are mood (positive, negative) before drinking. We hypothesize that the distal and proximal factors directly predict regulation outcomes related to nonbinge (< 4 drinks/day) and binge (> 5 drinks/day, alcohol problems) drinking. The proximal factors serve as intervening variables between the distal factors and alcohol regulation outcomes. We will: 1) Conduct a cross-sectional test of the proposed conceptual framework to identify the relative contributions of distal and proximal cognitive and affective factors in drinking regulation outcomes. A large sample of young adults will complete questionnaires that represent the constructs of interest and we will use structural equation modeling to test the conceptual framework. 2) Examine the role of proximal mood (positive and negative) and situational cognitions (i.e., drinking motives) as well as the contributions of trait affective and cognitive factors in situational drinking. We will conduct an experiment in which we induce mood (positive, negative, neutral) just prior to an ad libitum drinking task and assess situational drinking motives. In hierarchical multiple regressions, alcohol-related dependent variables will be regressed on trait and state variables, which are entered in an order that is consistent with the conceptual framework. 3) Examine whether changing proximal predictors of drinking (use mood regulation to change moods, behavioral strategies to change motives, or both) will enhance young adults' ability to regulate their alcohol intake. Participants will be randomly assigned to a 2-session intervention with follow-ups at 1-, 3-, and 6-months. Data from daily self-monitoring using cellular phones and interactive voice response (IVR) software will provide a detailed long-term perspective on situational antecedents of drinking. The proposed studies are innovative in their use of complementary methods (questionnaires, experiment, daily monitoring) and technology (cellular phones, IVR) to explore the role of cognitive and affective variables in an integrative conceptual model of drinking regulation.