Childhood mental health, adverse childhood experiences, and cardiovascular health outcomes: Lifestyle and enviornmental factors

一级预防心血管疾病的方法之一是改变儿童和青少年的危险因素。然而，这一人群的风险因素传统上是从身体/生理的角度来看，很少有研究考虑心理因素的影响，包括心理健康和逆境。同样重要的是，要研究这些因素在儿童、青少年和成年期间如何随时间变化，但目前缺乏纵向证据。身体活动是一个重要的生活方式因素，可以改变心血管疾病的风险，建议5-18岁的孩子在一周内每天进行平均60分钟的中等到剧烈强度的身体活动。然而，目前尚不清楚体力活动如何改变儿童期心理健康和不良经历与青少年和成年早期心血管疾病风险之间的关系。鉴于上述情况，本项目的目的是回答以下研究问题：1。儿童期心理健康和不良经历的测量与青少年和成年期心血管健康的测量相关吗？2.这种关联是否取决于身体活动的水平，或者性别和社会经济地位等重要因素之间的关系？3.身体活动、心理技能训练或两者结合对儿童心血管对精神压力的反应有何影响？同时评估心理，环境和生活方式风险因素对心血管疾病的贡献提供了一种新颖的，跨学科的，全面的方法，可能有助于改善当前和未来几代人的健康和福祉。此外，考虑到社会群体之间的差异，可以确定哪些人群在儿童时期特别容易受到心理健康问题或逆境的影响，或者哪些人群在成年后可能会受到心血管健康的更大影响。这项研究将包括对大规模纵向数据进行雄心勃勃的分析，并对儿童、青少年和成年早期进行测量。重要的调查结果将与其他组织分享，例如在学校内传播对监测心理健康重要性的认识，并与儿童心理健康慈善机构（如Young Minds）进行沟通。至关重要的是，目前政府处理心血管疾病的方法侧重于饮食和体育活动，可能不是一个成功的长期计划，以达到拟议的目标，根据证据表明，高比例的不遵守研究促进体育活动和饮食干预措施。因此，需要进行创新研究，以评估心理、环境和生活方式因素对心血管健康的综合影响，这可能在未来预防心血管疾病方面发挥关键作用。

One approach for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is the modification of risk factors in children and adolescents. However, risk factors in this population are traditionally view from a physical/physiological perspective, with little research considering the influence of psychological factors, including mental health and adversity. it is also important to examine how these factors change over time during childhood, adolescence and into adulthood, but there is currently a lack of longitudinal evidence. Physical activity is an important lifestyle factor that can modify the risk of cardiovascular disease, with 5-18 year old recommended to undertake an average of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity per day across the week. However, it is currently unknown how physical activity may alter the relationship between psychological health and adverse experiences during childhood and the risk of cardiovascular disease in adolescence and early adulthood. Given the above, the aim of the current project is to answer the following research questions:1. Are measures of mental health and adverse experiences during childhood associated with measures of cardiovascular health in adolescence and adulthood?2. Does the association depend on the level of physical activity, or between important factors such as sex and socioeconomic status?3. What is the impact of physical activity, psychological skills training, or a combination of both, on the cardiovascular responses to mental stress within children? Assessing the contribution of psychological, environmental and lifestyle risk factors to cardiovascular disease simultaneously provides a novel, interdisciplinary, and comprehensive view of approaches which may be beneficial to improving the health and wellbeing of current and future generations across their lifespan. Furthermore, consideration of differences between societal groups may identify populations who are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues or adversity in childhood or those who may suffer greater impacts on cardiovascular health in adulthood. This research would include ambitious analyses of large-scale, longitudinal data, with measurements through childhood, adolescence and into early adulthood. Important findings will be shared with other organisations, such as spreading awareness of the importance of monitoring mental health within schools and communicating with children's mental health charities such as Young Minds. Crucially, current governmental approaches towards tackling cardiovascular disease focusing on diet and physical activity may not be a successful long-term plan to reach proposed targets, based on evidence illustrating high rates of non-compliance to studies promoting physical activity and dietary interventions. As a result, innovative research is needed to assess the combined influence of psychological, environmental and lifestyle factors on cardiovascular health, which could play a pivotal role in the future prevention of cardiovascular disease.