Care in Times of Crises: an intersectional approach to socio-economic inequalities in giving and receiving informal care during the COVID-19 and cost-

危机时期的护理：针对在 COVID-19 期间提供和接受非正式护理的社会经济不平等的跨部门方法以及成本

• 批准号: 2877010
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2877010
• 关键词: Care; Times; Crises; intersectional; approach

Informal carers - those who provide unpaid help to individuals who need support for a range of reasons, such as disability or old age - play a vital role in delivering health and social care to those in need. COVID-19 brought unprecedented changes to social life, including to informal care networks. Studies have linked the pandemic to changing care experiences which exposed inequalities between caregivers and the vulnerabilities of care-recipients. The emerging cost-of-living crisis is likely to exacerbate these, as welfare provisions become severed, and formal care services become less affordable, the demand for informal care increases considerably. For 77% of informal carers the rising cost-of-living is one of the main challenges they expect to face in the coming year. Whilst some caregivers can combine caring with paid work, and care-receivers can afford the additional cost of care, others cannot. These pre-existing inequalities mean that individuals do not experience informal care exchanges and their economic wellbeing repercussions to the same extent, meaning inequalities can widen or newly develop. This project will advance understanding of informal care exchanges during times of health and socio-economic crises in the UK. Its contribution to knowledge is three-fold. Firstly, it takes a dual perspective, by focusing on caregivers and receivers. Secondly, it adopts a longitudinal approach to understand current patterns of caregiving and receiving, by acknowledging differences in prior trajectories with respect to the nature, intensity, and frequency of care, and the way these might be affected differently by the changing socio-economic scenario. Thirdly, it enhances understanding of inequalities in care exchanges through adopting a novel intersectionality lens, looking at multiple dimensions of inequalities of caregivers and vulnerabilities of care-receivers, and how they combine to produce cumulative (dis)advantages. In order to do so this project will integrate the Informal Care Model (Broese van Groenou and Boer, 2016) with Crenshaw's intersectionality paradigm providing new insights into dimensions of inequalities and their intersections in informal care, for both caregivers and receivers. Caregivers and receivers are a heterogeneous group with care experiences varying depending on demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics. Moreover, caregivers and receivers simultaneously belong to multiple social groups: they are women or men of different ages, marital statuses, and ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic backgrounds. This diversity (e.g., low educated Asian female) creates unique social positions, or intersectionalities, that shape care experiences and further contribute to inequalities. By incorporating this intersectional perspective into the Informal Care Model, this research will lead to a novel understanding of care experiences and how these change during crises. Previous research into informal care exchanges has either neglected studying intersections entirely, focused on limited dimensions of diversity, or used qualitative research methods. This research will address this gap, studying intersections between multiple measures of diversity for both caregivers and receivers, using novel quantitative methods quantitative data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study 'Understanding Society'. MRes in Human Geography/Sustainable Development

非正式护理人员 - 那些出于各种原因（例如残疾或老年）为需要支持的个人提供无偿帮助的人 - 在为有需要的人提供健康和社会护理方面起着至关重要的作用。 Covid-19为社会生活带来了前所未有的变化，包括非正式护理网络。研究将大流行与不断变化的护理经历联系起来，这些经验暴露了照料者与照料接收者脆弱性之间的不平等现象。随着福利条款的切断，新兴的生活成本危机可能会加剧这些危机，正式护理服务变得降低，对非正式护理的需求大大增加。对于77％的非正式护理人员来说，生活成本上升是他们在来年期望面临的主要挑战之一。尽管有些护理人员可以将护理与有偿工作相结合，而护理人员可以负担额外的护理费用，而其他人则不能。这些先前存在的不平等意味着个人没有经历非正式的护理交流及其经济健康的影响，这意味着不平等可能会扩大或新发展。该项目将在英国健康和社会经济危机期间对非正式护理交流的了解。它对知识的贡献是三倍。首先，通过专注于护理人员和接收者，它具有双重视角。其次，它采用了一种纵向方法来理解当前的护理和接受模式，通过承认对护理的性质，强度和频率的先前轨迹差异，以及这些不断变化的社会经济状况可能对这些方式的影响有所不同。第三，它通过采用新颖的交叉性镜头来增强对护理交流中不平等的理解，研究护理人员不平等和护理人群体脆弱性的多个维度，以及它们如何结合以产生累积（DIS）优势。为此，该项目将将非正式护理模型（Broese van Groenou and Boer，2016）与Crenshaw的交叉性范式整合在一起，从而为不平等现象及其在非正式护理中的交叉点提供了新的见解，以提供护理人员和接收者。护理人员和接收者是一个异类群体，其护理经验因人口统计学，社会经济和地理特征而有所不同。此外，照顾者和接收者同时属于多个社会群体：他们是不同年龄，婚姻状况以及种族，文化和社会经济背景的男女。这种多样性（例如，受过良好教育的亚洲女性）创造了独特的社会地位或交叉，从而塑造了护理经历并进一步导致不平等。通过将此交叉观点纳入非正式护理模型，这项研究将导致对护理经历以及这些在危机期间的变化的新了解。先前对非正式护理交流的研究已经完全忽略了研究交叉点，以有限的多样性维度，或者使用定性研究方法。这项研究将解决这一差距，研究护理人员和接收者多种多样性之间的交集，并使用英国家庭纵向研究“了解社会”的新定量方法定量数据。人类地理/可持续发展中的MRE