Care in Times of Crises: an intersectional approach to socio-economic inequalities in giving and receiving informal care during the COVID-19 and cost-

危机时期的护理：针对在 COVID-19 期间提供和接受非正式护理的社会经济不平等的跨部门方法以及成本

• 批准号: 2877010
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2877010
• 关键词: Care; Times; Crises; intersectional; approach

Informal carers - those who provide unpaid help to individuals who need support for a range of reasons, such as disability or old age - play a vital role in delivering health and social care to those in need. COVID-19 brought unprecedented changes to social life, including to informal care networks. Studies have linked the pandemic to changing care experiences which exposed inequalities between caregivers and the vulnerabilities of care-recipients. The emerging cost-of-living crisis is likely to exacerbate these, as welfare provisions become severed, and formal care services become less affordable, the demand for informal care increases considerably. For 77% of informal carers the rising cost-of-living is one of the main challenges they expect to face in the coming year. Whilst some caregivers can combine caring with paid work, and care-receivers can afford the additional cost of care, others cannot. These pre-existing inequalities mean that individuals do not experience informal care exchanges and their economic wellbeing repercussions to the same extent, meaning inequalities can widen or newly develop. This project will advance understanding of informal care exchanges during times of health and socio-economic crises in the UK. Its contribution to knowledge is three-fold. Firstly, it takes a dual perspective, by focusing on caregivers and receivers. Secondly, it adopts a longitudinal approach to understand current patterns of caregiving and receiving, by acknowledging differences in prior trajectories with respect to the nature, intensity, and frequency of care, and the way these might be affected differently by the changing socio-economic scenario. Thirdly, it enhances understanding of inequalities in care exchanges through adopting a novel intersectionality lens, looking at multiple dimensions of inequalities of caregivers and vulnerabilities of care-receivers, and how they combine to produce cumulative (dis)advantages. In order to do so this project will integrate the Informal Care Model (Broese van Groenou and Boer, 2016) with Crenshaw's intersectionality paradigm providing new insights into dimensions of inequalities and their intersections in informal care, for both caregivers and receivers. Caregivers and receivers are a heterogeneous group with care experiences varying depending on demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics. Moreover, caregivers and receivers simultaneously belong to multiple social groups: they are women or men of different ages, marital statuses, and ethnic, cultural, and socio-economic backgrounds. This diversity (e.g., low educated Asian female) creates unique social positions, or intersectionalities, that shape care experiences and further contribute to inequalities. By incorporating this intersectional perspective into the Informal Care Model, this research will lead to a novel understanding of care experiences and how these change during crises. Previous research into informal care exchanges has either neglected studying intersections entirely, focused on limited dimensions of diversity, or used qualitative research methods. This research will address this gap, studying intersections between multiple measures of diversity for both caregivers and receivers, using novel quantitative methods quantitative data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study 'Understanding Society'. MRes in Human Geography/Sustainable Development

非正式照料者——那些向因残疾或年老等各种原因需要支助的个人提供无偿帮助的人——在向有需要的人提供保健和社会照料方面发挥着至关重要的作用。COVID-19给社会生活，包括非正式护理网络带来了前所未有的变化。研究将大流行与不断变化的护理经验联系起来，这种经验暴露了护理者与护理接受者之间的不平等。新出现的生活费用危机可能会加剧这些问题，因为福利供应被切断，正规护理服务变得难以负担，对非正规护理的需求大大增加。对于77%的非正式照顾者来说，生活成本的上涨是他们预计在未来一年面临的主要挑战之一。虽然一些护理人员可以将护理与有偿工作结合起来，而且接受护理的人可以负担得起额外的护理费用，但其他人却不能。这些先前存在的不平等意味着个人不会经历非正式的照顾交换，也不会在同样程度上影响他们的经济福祉，这意味着不平等可能会扩大或新发展。该项目将促进对英国健康和社会经济危机期间非正式护理交流的理解。它对知识的贡献有三方面。首先，它采用双重视角，关注照顾者和接受者。其次，它采用纵向方法来理解当前的照顾和接受模式，通过承认在照顾的性质、强度和频率方面的先前轨迹的差异，以及这些可能受到不断变化的社会经济情景的不同影响的方式。第三，通过采用一种新颖的交叉性视角，研究照顾者的不平等和照顾者的脆弱性的多个维度，以及它们如何结合起来产生累积（不利）优势，增强了对照顾交换中的不平等的理解。为了做到这一点，该项目将把非正式护理模型（Broese van Groenou和Boer， 2016）与Crenshaw的交叉性范式结合起来，为照顾者和接受者提供关于非正式护理中不平等维度及其交叉点的新见解。照顾者和接受者是一个异质群体，他们的照顾经历因人口、社会经济和地理特征而异。此外，照顾者和接受者同时属于多个社会群体：他们是不同年龄、婚姻状况、种族、文化和社会经济背景的女性或男性。这种多样性（例如，受教育程度较低的亚洲女性）创造了独特的社会地位或交叉性，从而塑造了护理经历，并进一步加剧了不平等。通过将这种交叉视角纳入非正式护理模型，本研究将导致对护理经验的新理解以及这些经验在危机期间如何变化。以往对非正式关怀交换的研究要么完全忽略了对交叉点的研究，要么只关注有限的多样性维度，要么使用定性研究方法。本研究将解决这一差距，使用来自英国家庭纵向研究“理解社会”的新颖定量方法定量数据，研究照顾者和接受者多种多样性措施之间的交叉点。人文地理学/可持续发展硕士