The shape of sustainable crop production - re-engineering plant architecture for sustainable food production

可持续作物生产的形态——为可持续粮食生产重新设计植物结构

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2878037
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2023 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

This project is focused on better characterising the molecular mechanisms behind gravitropic responses in plant shoots and roots for important crop species. This is for the purpose of engineering crop architecture to improving light capture and decrease lodging occurrence (shoots) and/or nutrient acquisition and drought tolerance (roots).Previous work in this field has established that lateral roots and shoots maintain their growth angles through gravitropic set-point angles as seen in arabidopsis model organisms. The gravitropic-set point angle is the angle defined by its relationship to the gravity vector so a vertically downward shoot/root possessing a GSA of 0 and plant organs are maintained at this GSA in response to gravitropism (Digby, Fern, 1995). This gravity-dependent process is mediated by auxin phytohormones with auxin flux on the upper and lower side leading to differential elongation or elongation inhibition in the shoots and roots respectively. The gravity-sensing apparatus of the root/shoot tip, according to the startch-statolith hypothesis, the columella of dicot and monocot roots and the statocytes of dicot shoots are a collection of polarised cells containing starch-filled amyloplasts which respond to gravity through starch sedimentation to a particular pole of the cell. As a consequence of downward starch sedimentation to the nascent bottom region of the cell when the root/shoot is moved away from the vertical, there is increased downward flux of auxin to the abaxial side of the shoot/root. This acts against the anti-gravitropic offset flux of auxin to the adaxial side of the shoot and root. This disparity between adaxial and abaxial auxin concentrations across the organ leads to differential cell elongation followed by the upward bending in shoots and downwards bending in roots to return to their initial GSAs for optimal plant growth (Roychoudhry and Kepinski 2021).The molecular process behind this gravity-sensing mechanism has been well characterised in arabidopsis models with work. For example, the role of the auxin transporters PIN3, 4 and 7 and their role in establishing gravicompetence in shoots and roots (Roychoudhry et al., 2022). However, translating this understanding of root and shoot responses to gravity and how that impacts plant architecture is still necessary for numerous important crop species, with efforts aimed at improving rooting for increase nutrient/water acquisition in response to increasing drought prevalence under climate change (as well as decreasing shoot lodging where the plant stem snaps whilst maintaining crop yield).Work into cereal species such as wheat and rice has been conducted by fellow postgraduate researchers at the University of Leeds, and elsewhere, with both wheat and rice lateral roots returning to their original GSAs with wheat laterals restoring their GSAs faster than rice laterals which shows variation in the response between species as well as monocots (cereals) and dicots (arabidopsis) with rice potentially possessing a stronger auxin-dependent anti-gravitropic offset response relative to wheat lateral roots. Additionally, rice DRO1 which regulates root growth angle has shown to lead to higher rice yields in water-scarce environments when overexpressed as more vertical root systems are developed (Walsh et al., unpublished). Continuing to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of root and shoot angle development and maintenance in crop species can act as a crucial tool in improving crop yields and establishing better food security. Some crops such as Barley and Sorghum have some early research established whilst other staple crops like soybean have none. This PhD project aims to expand the knowledge of root and shoot angles in these seminal crop species to engineer crops that are resilient to the ever worsening issues of climate change with key emphasis on staple crops like rice and wheat.
该项目的重点是更好地表征重要作物品种植物芽和根向重力反应背后的分子机制。这是为了工程作物结构的目的,以改善光捕获和减少倒伏发生(芽)和/或营养物质获取和耐旱性(根)。向重力性设定点角度是由其与重力矢量的关系定义的角度,因此具有GSA为0的垂直向下的茎/根和植物器官响应向重力性而保持在该GSA(迪格比,Fern,1995)。这种重力依赖的过程是由生长素植物激素介导的,生长素流量在上部和下部,分别导致芽和根的差异伸长或伸长抑制。根/茎尖的重力感应装置,根据startch-statolith假说,双子叶植物和单子叶植物根的柱和双子叶植物茎的平衡细胞是一个极化细胞的集合,含有淀粉填充的造粉体,其通过淀粉沉积到细胞的特定极来响应重力。由于向下的淀粉沉降到初生的底部区域的细胞时,根/芽是远离垂直移动,有增加的向下通量的生长素的茎/根的远轴侧。这对生长素的反重力偏移通量的近轴侧的芽和根。整个器官的近轴和远轴生长素浓度之间的这种差异导致细胞差异伸长,然后是芽的向上弯曲和根的向下弯曲,以返回到其初始GSA以实现最佳植物生长(Roychoudhry和Kepinski 2021)。例如,生长素转运蛋白PIN 3、4和7的作用及其在芽和根中建立重力感受性的作用(Roychoudhry et al.,2022年)。然而,将这种对根和芽对重力的反应以及这种反应如何影响植物结构的理解转化为许多重要的作物物种仍然是必要的,努力改善生根,增加养分/水的获取,以应对气候变化下日益严重的干旱(以及减少植物茎折断的枝条倒伏,同时保持作物产量)利兹大学和其他地方的研究生研究人员已经对小麦和水稻等谷物物种进行了研究,小麦和水稻侧根都恢复到原来的GSA,小麦侧根恢复GSA的速度比水稻侧根快,这表明小麦侧根和水稻侧根的GSA之间存在差异。物种之间的反应以及单子叶植物(谷物)和双子叶植物(拟南芥)与水稻可能拥有一个更强的生长素依赖性的反重力抵消反应相对于小麦侧根。此外,调节根生长角度的水稻DRO 1已显示当过表达时在缺水环境中导致更高的水稻产量,因为发育了更多的垂直根系(沃尔什等人,未出版)。继续阐明作物物种根和茎角发育和维持的分子机制可以作为提高作物产量和建立更好的粮食安全的重要工具。一些作物如大麦和高粱有一些早期的研究,而其他主要作物如大豆没有。这个博士项目旨在扩大这些种子作物物种的根和芽角度的知识,以工程作物适应日益恶化的气候变化问题,重点是水稻和小麦等主食作物。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}

其他文献

Internet-administered, low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy for parents of children treated for cancer: A feasibility trial (ENGAGE).
针对癌症儿童父母的互联网管理、低强度认知行为疗法:可行性试验 (ENGAGE)。
  • DOI:
    10.1002/cam4.5377
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Differences in child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising on television in a self-regulatory environment.
在自我监管的环境中,儿童和青少年在电视上接触不健康食品和饮料广告的情况存在差异。
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12889-023-15027-w
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-23
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.5
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and reduced estimated cardiorespiratory fitness is mediated by physical symptoms and negative emotions: a cross-sectional study.
类风湿性关节炎与估计心肺健康降低之间的关联是由身体症状和负面情绪介导的:一项横断面研究。
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10067-023-06584-x
  • 发表时间:
    2023-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.4
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
ElasticBLAST: accelerating sequence search via cloud computing.
ElasticBLAST:通过云计算加速序列搜索。
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12859-023-05245-9
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-26
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Amplified EQCM-D detection of extracellular vesicles using 2D gold nanostructured arrays fabricated by block copolymer self-assembly.
使用通过嵌段共聚物自组装制造的 2D 金纳米结构阵列放大 EQCM-D 检测细胞外囊泡。
  • DOI:
    10.1039/d2nh00424k
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-27
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    9.7
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:

的其他文献

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

{{ truncateString('', 18)}}的其他基金

An implantable biosensor microsystem for real-time measurement of circulating biomarkers
用于实时测量循环生物标志物的植入式生物传感器微系统
  • 批准号:
    2901954
  • 财政年份:
    2028
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Exploiting the polysaccharide breakdown capacity of the human gut microbiome to develop environmentally sustainable dishwashing solutions
利用人类肠道微生物群的多糖分解能力来开发环境可持续的洗碗解决方案
  • 批准号:
    2896097
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
A Robot that Swims Through Granular Materials
可以在颗粒材料中游动的机器人
  • 批准号:
    2780268
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Likelihood and impact of severe space weather events on the resilience of nuclear power and safeguards monitoring.
严重空间天气事件对核电和保障监督的恢复力的可能性和影响。
  • 批准号:
    2908918
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Proton, alpha and gamma irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking: understanding the fuel-stainless steel interface
质子、α 和 γ 辐照辅助应力腐蚀开裂:了解燃料-不锈钢界面
  • 批准号:
    2908693
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Field Assisted Sintering of Nuclear Fuel Simulants
核燃料模拟物的现场辅助烧结
  • 批准号:
    2908917
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Assessment of new fatigue capable titanium alloys for aerospace applications
评估用于航空航天应用的新型抗疲劳钛合金
  • 批准号:
    2879438
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Developing a 3D printed skin model using a Dextran - Collagen hydrogel to analyse the cellular and epigenetic effects of interleukin-17 inhibitors in
使用右旋糖酐-胶原蛋白水凝胶开发 3D 打印皮肤模型,以分析白细胞介素 17 抑制剂的细胞和表观遗传效应
  • 批准号:
    2890513
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
CDT year 1 so TBC in Oct 2024
CDT 第 1 年,预计 2024 年 10 月
  • 批准号:
    2879865
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome, behavior and urbanisation in wild birds
了解野生鸟类肠道微生物组、行为和城市化之间的相互作用
  • 批准号:
    2876993
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship

相似国自然基金

海拔对榕小蜂群落多样性及榕-蜂互惠体系的影响
  • 批准号:
    30972294
  • 批准年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    30.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    面上项目
海岸带综合管理与可持续发展模式研究
  • 批准号:
    70573018
  • 批准年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    20.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    面上项目

相似海外基金

COUSIN: Crop Wild Relatives utilisation and conservation for sustainable agriculture
表弟:作物野生近缘种的利用和保护以实现可持续农业
  • 批准号:
    10090949
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    EU-Funded
Knowledge Distillation empowered Mobile Intelligence Solution for Sustainable Management of Crop Pests and Soil Health
知识蒸馏赋能移动智能解决方案,实现农作物病虫害和土壤健康的可持续管理
  • 批准号:
    10092051
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
NSF Engines Development Award: Advancing carbon-neutral crop technologies to develop sustainable consumer goods (AL, GA, NC, TN)
NSF 引擎发展奖:推进碳中和作物技术以开发可持续消费品(阿拉巴马州、佐治亚州、北卡罗来纳州、田纳西州)
  • 批准号:
    2302898
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Cooperative Agreement
SusProt : Sustainable Plant Protein from Vegetable Crop Sidestreams
SusProt:来自蔬菜作物侧流的可持续植物蛋白
  • 批准号:
    10049047
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
Improving barley as a sustainable healthy wholegrain food crop
改进大麦作为可持续健康的全麦粮食作物
  • 批准号:
    BB/Y513696/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Training Grant
Development of sustainable solutions for crop protection and food security
开发作物保护和粮食安全的可持续解决方案
  • 批准号:
    10073391
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Grant for R&D
ACDC: Advanced Crop Dynamic Control for sustainable leaf protein production in vertical farms
ACDC:用于垂直农场可持续叶蛋白生产的先进作物动态控制
  • 批准号:
    10076948
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
Determining the role of defence systems in the evolution of the Azospirillum-wheat mutualism to enhance crop yields for sustainable agriculture
确定防御系统在固氮螺菌-小麦互利共生进化中的作用,以提高可持续农业的作物产量
  • 批准号:
    BB/X010600/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
Supporting sustainable intensification in the Canadian field crop sector: Advancing life cycle assessment methods and applications to identify priority technologies for resource efficiency and emissions reduction objectives
支持加拿大大田作物行业的可持续集约化:推进生命周期评估方法和应用,以确定资源效率和减排目标的优先技术
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2018-04282
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Secure and Sustainable Crop Production for Canada 365 Days a Year
加拿大全年 365 天安全、可持续的农作物生产
  • 批准号:
    DGECR-2022-00510
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Launch Supplement
{{ showInfoDetail.title }}

作者:{{ showInfoDetail.author }}

知道了