The shape of sustainable crop production - re-engineering plant architecture for sustainable food production

可持续作物生产的形态——为可持续粮食生产重新设计植物结构

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    2878037
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    英国
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助国家:
    英国
  • 起止时间:
    2023 至 无数据
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

This project is focused on better characterising the molecular mechanisms behind gravitropic responses in plant shoots and roots for important crop species. This is for the purpose of engineering crop architecture to improving light capture and decrease lodging occurrence (shoots) and/or nutrient acquisition and drought tolerance (roots).Previous work in this field has established that lateral roots and shoots maintain their growth angles through gravitropic set-point angles as seen in arabidopsis model organisms. The gravitropic-set point angle is the angle defined by its relationship to the gravity vector so a vertically downward shoot/root possessing a GSA of 0 and plant organs are maintained at this GSA in response to gravitropism (Digby, Fern, 1995). This gravity-dependent process is mediated by auxin phytohormones with auxin flux on the upper and lower side leading to differential elongation or elongation inhibition in the shoots and roots respectively. The gravity-sensing apparatus of the root/shoot tip, according to the startch-statolith hypothesis, the columella of dicot and monocot roots and the statocytes of dicot shoots are a collection of polarised cells containing starch-filled amyloplasts which respond to gravity through starch sedimentation to a particular pole of the cell. As a consequence of downward starch sedimentation to the nascent bottom region of the cell when the root/shoot is moved away from the vertical, there is increased downward flux of auxin to the abaxial side of the shoot/root. This acts against the anti-gravitropic offset flux of auxin to the adaxial side of the shoot and root. This disparity between adaxial and abaxial auxin concentrations across the organ leads to differential cell elongation followed by the upward bending in shoots and downwards bending in roots to return to their initial GSAs for optimal plant growth (Roychoudhry and Kepinski 2021).The molecular process behind this gravity-sensing mechanism has been well characterised in arabidopsis models with work. For example, the role of the auxin transporters PIN3, 4 and 7 and their role in establishing gravicompetence in shoots and roots (Roychoudhry et al., 2022). However, translating this understanding of root and shoot responses to gravity and how that impacts plant architecture is still necessary for numerous important crop species, with efforts aimed at improving rooting for increase nutrient/water acquisition in response to increasing drought prevalence under climate change (as well as decreasing shoot lodging where the plant stem snaps whilst maintaining crop yield).Work into cereal species such as wheat and rice has been conducted by fellow postgraduate researchers at the University of Leeds, and elsewhere, with both wheat and rice lateral roots returning to their original GSAs with wheat laterals restoring their GSAs faster than rice laterals which shows variation in the response between species as well as monocots (cereals) and dicots (arabidopsis) with rice potentially possessing a stronger auxin-dependent anti-gravitropic offset response relative to wheat lateral roots. Additionally, rice DRO1 which regulates root growth angle has shown to lead to higher rice yields in water-scarce environments when overexpressed as more vertical root systems are developed (Walsh et al., unpublished). Continuing to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of root and shoot angle development and maintenance in crop species can act as a crucial tool in improving crop yields and establishing better food security. Some crops such as Barley and Sorghum have some early research established whilst other staple crops like soybean have none. This PhD project aims to expand the knowledge of root and shoot angles in these seminal crop species to engineer crops that are resilient to the ever worsening issues of climate change with key emphasis on staple crops like rice and wheat.
这个项目的重点是更好地描述重要作物物种植物地上部和根部重力反应背后的分子机制。这是为了改善作物结构,以改善光捕获,减少倒伏发生(芽)和/或养分获取和抗旱性(根)。这一领域的先前工作已经建立,侧根和芽通过在拟南芥模式生物中看到的向重力的设定点角度来保持其生长角度。向重力点角度是由其与重力向量的关系定义的角度,因此GSA为0的垂直向下的枝/根和植物器官保持在该GSA以响应向重力性(Digby,Fern,1995)。这种重力依赖的过程是由生长素植物激素介导的,生长素通量在上侧和下侧分别导致地上部和根部不同程度的伸长或伸长抑制。根/茎尖的重力感应器,根据淀粉-柱状石假说,双子叶和单子叶根的柱状细胞和双子叶茎的状态细胞是含有充满淀粉的淀粉质的极化细胞的集合,这些淀粉体通过淀粉沉积到细胞的特定极点来响应重力。当根/冠远离垂直方向时,由于淀粉向下沉积到细胞的新生底部区域,生长素向下流向茎/根的远轴方向的通量增加。这对生长素向茎和根的近轴侧的反重力偏移通量起到了相反的作用。器官近轴和远轴生长素浓度的差异导致细胞伸长不同,随后地上部向上弯曲,根部向下弯曲,返回到最初的GSA,以实现最佳植物生长(Roychoudhry和Kepinski,2021)。这种重力传感机制背后的分子过程已经在拟南芥模型中得到了很好的描述。例如,生长素转运蛋白PIN3、PIN4和PIN7的作用及其在建立地上部和根的重力性方面的作用(Roychoudhry等人,2022)。然而,对于许多重要的作物物种来说,将这种对根和地上部对重力的反应及其如何影响植物结构的理解转化为仍然是必要的,努力改善根系,以增加养分/水分的获取,以应对气候变化下日益普遍的干旱(以及在保持作物产量的同时减少植物茎折断的地上部倒伏)。利兹大学和其他地方的研究生研究员同事开展了对小麦和水稻等谷类物种的研究。小麦和水稻侧根都恢复到原来的GSA,小麦侧根恢复GSA的速度比水稻侧根快,这表明物种之间以及单子叶(谷类)和双子叶(拟南芥)之间的反应存在差异,水稻可能具有比小麦侧根更强的生长素依赖的反重力抵消反应。此外,调控根生长角度的水稻DRO1在缺水环境中过度表达时,随着更多垂直根系的发育而导致水稻产量增加(Walsh等人,未发表)。继续阐明作物品种根和地上部发育和维持的分子机制可以作为提高作物产量和建立更好的粮食安全的重要工具。一些作物,如大麦和高粱,已经建立了一些早期研究,而其他主要作物,如大豆,则没有。这一博士项目旨在扩大这些开创性作物物种的根部和地上部角度的知识,以设计出对日益恶化的气候变化问题具有适应能力的作物,重点是水稻和小麦等主要作物。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}

其他文献

Internet-administered, low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy for parents of children treated for cancer: A feasibility trial (ENGAGE).
针对癌症儿童父母的互联网管理、低强度认知行为疗法:可行性试验 (ENGAGE)。
  • DOI:
    10.1002/cam4.5377
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Differences in child and adolescent exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising on television in a self-regulatory environment.
在自我监管的环境中,儿童和青少年在电视上接触不健康食品和饮料广告的情况存在差异。
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12889-023-15027-w
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-23
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    4.5
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
The association between rheumatoid arthritis and reduced estimated cardiorespiratory fitness is mediated by physical symptoms and negative emotions: a cross-sectional study.
类风湿性关节炎与估计心肺健康降低之间的关联是由身体症状和负面情绪介导的:一项横断面研究。
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s10067-023-06584-x
  • 发表时间:
    2023-07
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.4
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
ElasticBLAST: accelerating sequence search via cloud computing.
ElasticBLAST:通过云计算加速序列搜索。
  • DOI:
    10.1186/s12859-023-05245-9
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-26
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:
Amplified EQCM-D detection of extracellular vesicles using 2D gold nanostructured arrays fabricated by block copolymer self-assembly.
使用通过嵌段共聚物自组装制造的 2D 金纳米结构阵列放大 EQCM-D 检测细胞外囊泡。
  • DOI:
    10.1039/d2nh00424k
  • 发表时间:
    2023-03-27
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    9.7
  • 作者:
  • 通讯作者:

的其他文献

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

{{ truncateString('', 18)}}的其他基金

An implantable biosensor microsystem for real-time measurement of circulating biomarkers
用于实时测量循环生物标志物的植入式生物传感器微系统
  • 批准号:
    2901954
  • 财政年份:
    2028
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Exploiting the polysaccharide breakdown capacity of the human gut microbiome to develop environmentally sustainable dishwashing solutions
利用人类肠道微生物群的多糖分解能力来开发环境可持续的洗碗解决方案
  • 批准号:
    2896097
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
A Robot that Swims Through Granular Materials
可以在颗粒材料中游动的机器人
  • 批准号:
    2780268
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Likelihood and impact of severe space weather events on the resilience of nuclear power and safeguards monitoring.
严重空间天气事件对核电和保障监督的恢复力的可能性和影响。
  • 批准号:
    2908918
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Proton, alpha and gamma irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking: understanding the fuel-stainless steel interface
质子、α 和 γ 辐照辅助应力腐蚀开裂:了解燃料-不锈钢界面
  • 批准号:
    2908693
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Field Assisted Sintering of Nuclear Fuel Simulants
核燃料模拟物的现场辅助烧结
  • 批准号:
    2908917
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Assessment of new fatigue capable titanium alloys for aerospace applications
评估用于航空航天应用的新型抗疲劳钛合金
  • 批准号:
    2879438
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Developing a 3D printed skin model using a Dextran - Collagen hydrogel to analyse the cellular and epigenetic effects of interleukin-17 inhibitors in
使用右旋糖酐-胶原蛋白水凝胶开发 3D 打印皮肤模型,以分析白细胞介素 17 抑制剂的细胞和表观遗传效应
  • 批准号:
    2890513
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
CDT year 1 so TBC in Oct 2024
CDT 第 1 年,预计 2024 年 10 月
  • 批准号:
    2879865
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship
Understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome, behavior and urbanisation in wild birds
了解野生鸟类肠道微生物组、行为和城市化之间的相互作用
  • 批准号:
    2876993
  • 财政年份:
    2027
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Studentship

相似国自然基金

海拔对榕小蜂群落多样性及榕-蜂互惠体系的影响
  • 批准号:
    30972294
  • 批准年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    30.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    面上项目
海岸带综合管理与可持续发展模式研究
  • 批准号:
    70573018
  • 批准年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    20.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    面上项目

相似海外基金

COUSIN: Crop Wild Relatives utilisation and conservation for sustainable agriculture
表弟:作物野生近缘种的利用和保护以实现可持续农业
  • 批准号:
    10090949
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    EU-Funded
Knowledge Distillation empowered Mobile Intelligence Solution for Sustainable Management of Crop Pests and Soil Health
知识蒸馏赋能移动智能解决方案,实现农作物病虫害和土壤健康的可持续管理
  • 批准号:
    10092051
  • 财政年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
NSF Engines Development Award: Advancing carbon-neutral crop technologies to develop sustainable consumer goods (AL, GA, NC, TN)
NSF 引擎发展奖:推进碳中和作物技术以开发可持续消费品(阿拉巴马州、佐治亚州、北卡罗来纳州、田纳西州)
  • 批准号:
    2302898
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Cooperative Agreement
SusProt : Sustainable Plant Protein from Vegetable Crop Sidestreams
SusProt:来自蔬菜作物侧流的可持续植物蛋白
  • 批准号:
    10049047
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
Improving barley as a sustainable healthy wholegrain food crop
改进大麦作为可持续健康的全麦粮食作物
  • 批准号:
    BB/Y513696/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Training Grant
Development of sustainable solutions for crop protection and food security
开发作物保护和粮食安全的可持续解决方案
  • 批准号:
    10073391
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Grant for R&D
ACDC: Advanced Crop Dynamic Control for sustainable leaf protein production in vertical farms
ACDC:用于垂直农场可持续叶蛋白生产的先进作物动态控制
  • 批准号:
    10076948
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Collaborative R&D
Determining the role of defence systems in the evolution of the Azospirillum-wheat mutualism to enhance crop yields for sustainable agriculture
确定防御系统在固氮螺菌-小麦互利共生进化中的作用,以提高可持续农业的作物产量
  • 批准号:
    BB/X010600/1
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship
Supporting sustainable intensification in the Canadian field crop sector: Advancing life cycle assessment methods and applications to identify priority technologies for resource efficiency and emissions reduction objectives
支持加拿大大田作物行业的可持续集约化:推进生命周期评估方法和应用,以确定资源效率和减排目标的优先技术
  • 批准号:
    RGPIN-2018-04282
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Secure and Sustainable Crop Production for Canada 365 Days a Year
加拿大全年 365 天安全、可持续的农作物生产
  • 批准号:
    DGECR-2022-00510
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Launch Supplement
{{ showInfoDetail.title }}

作者:{{ showInfoDetail.author }}

知道了