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Neural Architecture of Event Comprehension

事件理解的神经架构

基本信息

批准号：
7155505
负责人：
Jeffrey M Zacks
金额：
$ 16.32万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-12-17 至 2008-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Much of the text we read or hear has a narrative component. Examples include stories, novels, biographies, instructions for putting things together, and recipes. Narratives may be segmented into meaningful units called events, and the structure of events is critical for narrative comprehension. To adequately comprehend a narrative, readers must delineate successive events and assemble them into a meaningful whole. The broad goal of the proposed research is to investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms by which narratives are segmented into meaningful events during comprehension. Research on narrative comprehension shows that changes in dimensions such as space and time affect long term memory representations. These same changes can affect the updating of working memory during reading or listening, and affect reading rate. Research on event perception shows how an ongoing stream of activity can be segmented into meaningful units. Our hypothesis is that the mechanisms readers and listeners use when identifying events in narratives are similar to those they use when identifying events in real life. The proposed research brings methods and theory from event perception to bear on narrative comprehension. One series of experiments aims to characterize how readers and listeners use features of narrative texts to identify event boundaries. A second series tests the hypothesis that perceptual event structure guides reading by modulating the contents of working memory. In both sets of experiments, converging behavioral and neurophysiological techniques will be used. We believe that an integrated cognitive neuroscience approach has the potential for significant progress on these questions--particularly because there have been very few neuroscientific studies of the larger structure of narrative thus far.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们读到或听到的大部分文本都有叙事成分。例子包括故事、小说、传记、把东西放在一起的说明和食谱。叙事可以被分割成有意义的单元，称为事件，事件的结构对叙事的理解至关重要。为了充分理解一个故事，读者必须描述连续的事件，并将它们组合成一个有意义的整体。本研究的主要目标是探讨在理解过程中叙事被分割成有意义事件的神经认知机制。对叙事理解的研究表明，空间和时间等维度的变化会影响长期记忆表征。这些变化也会影响阅读或听力过程中工作记忆的更新，从而影响阅读速度。对事件感知的研究表明，如何将持续的活动流分割成有意义的单元。我们的假设是，读者和听众在识别叙事中的事件时使用的机制与他们在识别现实生活中的事件时使用的机制相似。本研究将事件感知的方法和理论应用于叙事理解。一系列实验旨在描述读者和听者如何使用叙事文本的特征来识别事件边界。第二个系列测试了知觉事件结构通过调节工作记忆的内容来引导阅读的假设。在这两组实验中，将使用行为和神经生理学技术。我们相信，综合认知神经科学方法有可能在这些问题上取得重大进展——特别是因为到目前为止，很少有关于更大叙事结构的神经科学研究。