Determinants of Violence Based on Sexual Orientation

这个以实验室为基础的4项研究项目的目的是调查倾向(性偏见，性别 角色信念、男性性别角色压力、精神病)、情境(酒精中毒、性别角色 侵犯)、情感和背景变量(挑衅、男子气概威胁)促进了反同性恋攻击。 在研究1-3中，攻击性将使用泰勒攻击性范式的修改版本进行测量 (Taylor，1967)，参与者对虚构的对手施以轻微的电击，并接受来自虚构的对手的轻微电击 打着竞争性反应时间任务的幌子。配置变量将使用验证法进行测量 自我报告措施。每项研究将招募320名成年男性异性恋参与者，他们将随机 被指派与异性恋或同性恋男性竞争。然而，每项研究都将检查 关于反同性恋的不同实验操作(与项目的长期目标对应) 攻击性。研究1参与者将观看描述性别一致或不一致行为的视频 异性恋或同性恋男性之间的差异；研究2参与者将体验到男性气概 来自男性同盟者的威胁；研究3将检查急性酒精中毒对反同性恋的影响 对异性恋和同性恋男女的攻击性。每项研究都将通过以下方式评估状态影响 自我报告在展示刺激视频之前和之后进行了衡量。在研究2和3中，状态为男性 参赛者将在收到男性同龄人的反馈并在完成 竞争性反应时任务。研究4将探索性偏见、性别角色 侵犯和性情倾向变量对女性的状态影响。参与者将是120名成年异性恋者 完成性情倾向清单和状态测量的女性会影响和观看描述 异性恋或女同性恋者之间的性别一致或不一致的行为。 该项目将确定男性反同性恋暴力的风险因素，并提供有关女性的新数据 性偏见。通过这样做，我们将提高我们对反同性恋暴力和歧视的了解，在 未来，可能会促进预防和治疗干预措施的发展。

The aim of this 4-study, laboratory-based project is to investigate how dispositional (sexual prejudice, gender role beliefs, masculine gender role stress, psychopathy), situational (alcohol intoxication, gender role violations), affective, and contextual variables (provocation, masculinity threats) facilitate antigay aggression. In Studies 1-3, aggression will be measured using a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm (Taylor, 1967) in which participants administer and receive mild electric shocks to/from a fictitious opponent under the guise of a competitive reaction time task. Dispositional variables will be measured using validiatd self-report measures. Each study will recruit 320 adult male heterosexual participants who will be randomly assigned to compete against a heterosexual or gay male. However, each study will examine the effects of different experimental manipulations (that correspond to the long-term goals of the project) on antigay aggression. Study 1 participants will view a video depicting gender conforming or non-conforming behavior between heterosexual or gay male dyads, respectively; Study 2 participants will experience a masculinity threat from a male confederate; Study 3 will examine the effect of acute alcohol intoxication on antigay aggression toward heterosexual and homosexual men and women. Each study will assess state affect via self-report scales before and after presentation of the stimulus videos. In Studies 2 and 3, state masculine affiliation will be assessed after participants receive feedback from a male peer and after completing the competitive reaction time task. Study 4 will explore the interactive effect of sexual prejudice, gender role violations, and dispositional variables on state affect in women. Participants will be 120 adult heterosexual women who complete dispositional inventories and measures of state affect and view a video depicting either gender conforming or non-conforming behavior between heterosexual or lesbian dyads, respectively. This project will identify risk factors for antigay violence in men as well as provide new data regarding female sexual prejudice. In doing so, we will improve our knowledge of antigay violence and discrimination which, in the future, may facilitate the development of prevention and treatment interventions.