Promoting prosocial bystander behavior in intoxicated men: Evaluation of RealConsent2.0

性暴力（sexual violence，SV）是美国一个重要的公共卫生问题，尤其是18-24岁的青少年 老年人（大学生和非大学生）18至24岁的女性强奸和性侵犯的比例最高 受害率（女大学生每1 000人中有6.1人受害;女非学生每1 000人中有7.6人受害）， 同龄男性和其他年龄组的女性。尽管有这些令人震惊的统计数据，疾病预防控制中心报告说， 只有一个项目（“RealConsent”）被严格证明在增加亲社会性和 旁观者行为与预防大学生SV犯罪的关系。因此，在SV中存在重大差距 预防方案。特别重要的是，RealConsent和其他旁观者 干预方案及其各自的评估存在严重的弱点和局限性， 降低对SV率的总体影响。这些问题包括：（1）过分强调旁观者的态度或意图 与实际行为相比，（2）依赖于自我报告的措施，当行为 评估，（3）没有解决酒精对旁观者决策和行为的近端效应， SV的风险情况，以及（4）由于对不需要SV的年轻人的关注最少， 上大学干预研究必须直接解决这些局限性，以缩小这一关键差距。 这一建议的科学前提是，通过将特定于酒精使用的新内容纳入 在SV干预RealConsent的背景下，我们可以更有效地促进亲社会和有效的旁观者 行为-即使在醉酒的旁观者。我们的目标是首先检查近端饮酒对 虚拟旁观者行为，然后测试修订后的RealConsent程序的功效（即， RealConsent2.0）。这些目标将通过（1）为RealConsent2.0开发新的程序内容来实现， 本文主要从两个理论视角--酒精近视理论和旁观者理论--进行了整合 决策模型，（2）在两个不同的地理区域实施随机对照试验（RCT） 地区（东南部和中西部），以社区为基础的样本N=840名年轻人 （3）比较RealConsent1.0和2.0对观察到的旁观者行为的相对有效性， 干预后1个月虚拟现实环境中的醉酒和清醒旁观者，以及（4） 比较RealConsent1.0和2.0对自我报告的旁观者行为的疗效， 近端酒精使用和酒精存在的行为背景下，在6个月和12个月后， 干预拟议项目最重要的贡献将是提供第一个证据， 如何在饮酒男性中促进亲社会旁观者行为并改善未来发展， 评估和传播旁观者干预方案。在此过程中，该项目将提供 现有的旁观者预防方案编制工作必须有经验基础， 直接应用到实际应用中，最终将对SV产生重大影响。

Sexual violence (SV) is a significant public health problem in the United States, particularly among 18-24 year old (college and non-college) populations. Females 18 to 24 have the highest rate of rape and sexual assault victimization (6.1 per 1,000 for female college students; 7.6 per 1,000 for female nonstudents) compared to males of the same age and females of other age groups. Despite these alarming statistics, the CDC reports that there is only one program (“RealConsent”) rigorously shown to be effective in both increasing prosocial bystander behaviors and preventing SV perpetration among college students. Thus, there is a major gap in SV prevention programming. Of particular importance is the fact that RealConsent and other bystander intervention programs and their respective evaluations suffer from critical weaknesses and limitations that reduce overall impact on SV rates. These include: (1) an overemphasis on bystander attitudes or intentions versus actual behavior, (2) measures that rely upon self-report and are void of context when behavior is assessed, (3) not addressing the proximal effect of alcohol on bystander decision making and behavior in situations at-risk for SV, and (4) poor generalizability given the minimal focus on young adults who do not attend college. Intervention research must directly address these limitations in order to close this critical gap. The scientific premise of this proposal is that by integrating new content specific to alcohol use within the context of SV intervention into RealConsent, we can more effectively facilitate prosocial and effective bystander behavior – even among intoxicated bystanders. We aim to first examine the effects of proximal alcohol use on virtual bystander behaviors and then test the efficacy of the revised RealConsent program (i.e., RealConsent2.0). These goals will be achieved by (1) developing new program content for RealConsent2.0 that is informed by the integration of two theoretical perspectives – Alcohol Myopia Theory and the Bystander Decision-Making Model, (2) implementing a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in two distinct geographic areas (the Southeast and Midwest) with a sufficiently-powered, community-based sample of N=840 young men, (3) comparing the relative efficacy of RealConsent1.0 and 2.0 on observable bystander behavior among intoxicated and sober bystanders in a virtual reality environment 1-month post-intervention, and (4) comparing the efficacy of RealConsent1.0 and 2.0 on self-reported bystander behavior as a function of proximal alcohol use and the presence of alcohol within the behavioral context at 6- and 12-months post- intervention. The most significant contribution of the proposed project will be to provide the first evidence of how to promote prosocial bystander behavior in men who consume alcohol and improve future development, evaluation, and dissemination of bystander intervention programs. In doing so, this project will provide the necessary empirical foundation for existing bystander prevention programming to translate these findings directly into real-world applications that will ultimately have a significant impact on SV.