Proximal Effects of Alcohol on Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence

研究表明，压力及其伴随的负面心理健康和身体健康后果是 大流行事件的直接结果1。与新冠肺炎有关的压力也不例外2 34。我们认为这种压力- 我们称之为新冠肺炎应激--与HED和IPV的增加在时间上和近期内相关 性少数和性别少数(SGM)夫妇的犯罪行为。这种对SGM夫妇的关注是有目的的。因为 新冠肺炎疫情对SGM人提出了更大的经济、社会和个人挑战5，他们必须 同时应对新冠肺炎的压力和公认的少数族裔压力6.因此，他们更有可能参与进来 在不良应对行为上，包括HED和IPV，相对于顺性、异性恋者。 在对SGM夫妇的HED和/或IPV的严谨研究中，存在着无数的弱点，包括：(1) 很少有研究区分出生时的性别、性取向和性别认同； 性别少数群体样本量不足；(3)操作定义不佳，因此对 HED和IPV；以及(4)依赖于不能模拟时间关系的横断面研究设计 相关危险因素与HED或IPV行为之间的关系。我们的团队处于独特的位置来解决这些问题 劣势通过两个目的：(1)评估新冠肺炎应激和SGM应激对HED和IPV的影响 (2)评估一种短暂的、低资源的干预措施，以减轻这些应激源的影响。 这些目标将通过使用纵向测量突发每日日记设计来实现，该日记设计包括四个14- 白天爆发，每次爆发之间有三个14天的间隔。在第2和第3个间隔期间，参与者将 被随机分配以接收(1)两条关注情绪调节的日常基于CBT的文本消息， 痛苦承受能力和/或减少酒精的策略，(2)每天两条短信，作为 注意控制，或(3)不发短信。我们的240对夫妇样本将包括120对夫妇，其中 双方都认为是顺性别和性少数，以及120对夫妇中至少有一人 认同为性别少数，意味着一个人的性别认同与他们所处的性别不一致 出生时分配的。效应将在参与者-合作伙伴相互依赖建模框架内进行检查， 这将允许对双方交叉身份以及风险和弹性因素进行有效分析 在个人--和夫妻--层面。 通过拟议的紧急竞争修订扩大父母赠款具有很大的潜力，可以告知如何 大流行应激对SGM夫妇和SGM患者酒精相关IPV发生的病因模型有贡献 提供对文化敏感、负担低、易于传播的干预措施，以缓解这些关键影响 在大流行期间，当获得护理的机会有限时。因此，这个项目对公众的影响潜力很大。 卫生，特别是在大流行期间脆弱的SGM社区。

Research indicates that stress and its concomitant negative mental health and physical health outcomes are direct results of pandemic episodes1. Stress related to COVID-19 is no exception2 3 4. We argue that this stress – which we term COVID-19 stress – is temporally and proximally related to increases in HED and IPV perpetration in sexual and gender minority (SGM) couples. This focus on SGM couples is purposeful. Because the COVID-19 pandemic poses greater economic, social, and personal challenges for SGM people 5, they must cope with both COVID-19 stress and well-established minority stressors 6. Thus, they are more likely to engage in maladaptive coping behaviors, including HED and IPV, relative to cisgender, heterosexual people. There are myriad weaknesses in the rigor of research on HED and/or IPV in SGM couples, which include: (1) few studies which distinguish between sex assigned at birth, sexual orientation, and gender identity; (2) inadequate sample sizes of gender minorities; (3) poor operational definitions, and thus weak measurement, of HED and IPV; and (4) dependence on cross-sectional study designs which cannot model the temporal relation between relevant risk factors and HED or IPV perpetration. Our team is uniquely positioned to address these weaknesses via two aims: (1) evaluate the impact of COVID-19 stress and SGM stress on HED and IPV perpetration, and (2) evaluate a brief, low-resource intervention to mitigate the effects of these stressors. These aims will be achieved by using a longitudinal measurement burst daily diary design that includes four 14- day bursts with three 14-day intervals between each burst. During Intervals #2 and #3, participants will be randomly assigned to receive (1) two daily CBT-based text messages that focuses on emotion regulation, distress tolerance skills, and/or alcohol reduction strategies, (2) two daily text messages that serve as an attention control, or (3) no text messages. Our sample of 240 couples will be comprised of 120 couples in which both partners identify as cisgender and a sexual minority and 120 couples in which at least one partner identifies as a gender minority, meaning one’s gender identity is non-congruent with the sex they were assigned at birth. Effects will be examined within an Actor-Partner Interdependence Modeling framework, which will allow for valid analysis of both partners’ intersecting identities as well as risk and resilience factors at the individual- and couple-level. Expansion of the parent grant via the proposed urgent competitive revision has high potential to inform how pandemic stress contributes to etiological models of alcohol-related IPV perpetration in SGM couples and inform a culturally-sensitive, low burden, and easy to disseminate intervention to mitigate these effects critical during a pandemic when access to care is limited. As such, this project has high potential to impact public health, particularly in vulnerable SGM communities during a pandemic.