Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Ultrasound Quantitative Backscatter & Inverse Scattering

乳腺癌诊断：超声定量反向散射

• 批准号: 7220801
• 负责人: Steven Abbott Johnson
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: TECHNISCAN, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-28 至 2010-03-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7220801
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Accounting; Acoustics; Agar; Algorithms; Applications Grants; Area; Benign; Biopsy; Blur; Breast; Breast Cancer Detection; Caliber; Calibration; Cancer Detection; Cancerous; Cells; Class; Computers; Data; Dependence; Devices; Diagnostic Specificity; Dimensions; Engineering; Equation; Equipment; Financial compensation; Fourier Transform; Frequencies; Goals; Hybrids; Illinois; Image; Investigation; Lateral; Lead; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammography; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Metric; Modeling; Nature; Numbers; Performance; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Pulse taking; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Methodology; Resolution; Scanning; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Small Business Funding Mechanisms; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Source; Speed; Standards of Weights and Measures; Study Section; Sum; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Tissue Sample; Tissues; Ultrasonography; Variant; Water; Woman; Work; X-Ray Computed Tomography; absorption; attenuation; base; breast cancer diagnosis; density; electric impedance; improved; instrument; interest; malignant breast neoplasm; member; novel; preclinical study; programs; prototype; research study; simulation; size; soft tissue; sound; success; theories; tissue phantom; tomography; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Objective of this Phase-1 SBIR (1st resubmission/amended) project is: to implement and test an imaging method incorporating an improved quantitative ultrasound backscatter (QUBS) method, which uses scatterer size imaging (SSI) and acoustic scatterer concentration (ASC) for detection of breast cancer. Past SSI and ASC images were known in many cases to separate cancerous from benign tumors even without these improvements. The Research Design to combine QUBS with inverse scattering tomography (IST) and reflection tomography (RT) into a hybrid method. IST will correct RT images for refraction and attenuation. The corrected RT data will be used to make corrected and compounded QUBS images of greater accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution than possible previously. IST and RT are the two components of the ultrasound imaging method developed by TechniScan, Inc. (TSI), which is known as UltraSound-CTTM (i.e., USCT). USCT reconstructs an image using scattered data from views spaced a full 360¿around the object under study. IST is based on modeling ultrasound propagation through tissue using an exact wave equation model (EWEM) rather than a ray-based approach, which is the basis of common ultrasound imaging. Only EWEMs can produce high resolution (to 3/4 mm), quantitative images of sound speed, absorption and density gradient and can account for the effects of multiple scattering, refraction, diffraction, attenuation and reflection losses. RT imaging uses IST to correct for refraction and absorption (but not for multiple scattering or diffraction). RT is partially quantitative and provides high spatial resolution (to 1/4 mm). The Research methods: to combine QUBS with IST and RT by the following steps: (1) produce an IST image of the breast; (2) collect data to produce a RT image of the breast; (3) then make a refraction attenuation corrected RT image; (4) use these same corrections to make a spatially compounded, refraction corrected, attenuation corrected QUBS image of the breast. The QUBS image will be derived by processing this corrected data with particular algorithms that yield the improved scatterer size image (SSI). The Specific Aims to implement the Research Design and Methods are: (Aim 1) simulate QUBS algorithm performance (SSI and ACS) performance under the Born approximation using simulated data; (Aim 2) create agar phantoms to be scanned; analyze the performance of IST/RT enhanced SSI/ACS using data from simulations and from phantoms and tissue; (Aim 3) prepare to submit a Phase-2 SBIR with improved hardware that will test the synergy of a hybrid method combining QUBS with USCT to create 5 images (3 + 2 = 5), and thereby a 5-dimensional feature space for improved tissue characterization (sensitivity and specificity). One in every 7 women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. However, present diagnostic specificity for cancer detection (using mammography) is poor, with 3 in 4 biopsies yielding benign tissue and missing about 10% of cancers. This proposal, which combines two novel techniques for breast cancer detection-namely Quantitative Ultrasound Backscatter (QUBS) and Ultrasound Inverse Scattering Tomography (IST)-has a tremendous potential for improving breast cancer detection.

描述（由申请人提供）：本SBIR（第一次重新提交/修订）一期项目的目标是：实施和测试一种采用改进的定量超声反向散射（QUBS）方法的成像方法，该方法使用散射体大小成像（SSI）和声散射体浓度（ASC）来检测乳腺癌。在许多病例中，即使没有这些改善，过去的SSI和ASC图像也可以区分癌性肿瘤和良性肿瘤。本研究设计将QUBS与逆散射层析成像（IST）和反射层析成像（RT）结合成一种混合方法。IST将校正RT图像的折射和衰减。校正后的RT数据将用于制作比以前更高的精度、精度和空间分辨率的校正和复合QUBS图像。IST和RT是TechniScan， Inc. （TSI）开发的超声成像方法的两个组成部分，被称为ultrasound - cttm（即USCT）。USCT使用来自被研究对象周围360°的视图的分散数据重建图像。IST是基于使用精确波动方程模型（EWEM）来模拟超声在组织中的传播，而不是基于射线的方法，这是常见超声成像的基础。只有EWEMs才能产生高分辨率（3/ 4mm）、声速、吸收和密度梯度的定量图像，并能解释多重散射、折射、衍射、衰减和反射损失的影响。RT成像使用IST校正折射和吸收（但不校正多次散射或衍射）。RT部分定量，提供高空间分辨率（至1/4毫米）。研究方法：通过以下步骤将QUBS与IST和RT相结合：(1)生成乳房的IST图像；(2)收集数据，生成乳房的RT图像；(3)然后制作折射衰减校正后的RT图像；(4)使用这些相同的校正来制作空间复合，折射校正，衰减校正的乳房QUBS图像。QUBS图像将通过使用特定的算法处理这些校正后的数据而得到，从而产生改进的散射体尺寸图像（SSI）。实现研究设计和方法的具体目标是：（目标1）利用模拟数据模拟Born近似下QUBS算法（SSI和ACS）的性能；（目标2）创建待扫描的琼脂模型；利用模拟、模型和组织数据分析IST/RT增强SSI/ACS的性能；（目标3）准备提交具有改进硬件的第二阶段SBIR，该阶段SBIR将测试将QUBS与USCT相结合的混合方法的协同作用，以创建5张图像（3 + 2 = 5），从而创建一个5维特征空间，用于改进组织表征（灵敏度和特异性）。每7名女性中就有1人会在一生中患上乳腺癌。然而，目前癌症检测的诊断特异性（使用乳房x光检查）很差，4个活检中有3个是良性组织，约有10%的癌症漏诊。该建议结合了两种新的乳腺癌检测技术，即定量超声反向散射（QUBS）和超声逆散射断层扫描（IST），具有改善乳腺癌检测的巨大潜力。