Breast Cancer Diagnosis: Ultrasound Quantitative Backscatter & Inverse Scattering

乳腺癌诊断：超声定量反向散射

• 批准号: 7220801
• 负责人: Steven Abbott Johnson
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: TECHNISCAN, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-28 至 2010-03-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7220801
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Accounting; Acoustics; Agar; Algorithms; Applications Grants; Area; Benign; Biopsy; Blur; Breast; Breast Cancer Detection; Caliber; Calibration; Cancer Detection; Cancerous; Cells; Class; Computers; Data; Dependence; Devices; Diagnostic Specificity; Dimensions; Engineering; Equation; Equipment; Financial compensation; Fourier Transform; Frequencies; Goals; Hybrids; Illinois; Image; Investigation; Lateral; Lead; Malignant Neoplasms; Mammography; Measurable; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Metric; Modeling; Nature; Numbers; Performance; Phase; Physiologic pulse; Positioning Attribute; Process; Property; Pulse taking; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Research Methodology; Resolution; Scanning; Sensitivity and Specificity; Signal Transduction; Simulate; Small Business Funding Mechanisms; Small Business Innovation Research Grant; Source; Speed; Standards of Weights and Measures; Study Section; Sum; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Tissue Sample; Tissues; Ultrasonography; Variant; Water; Woman; Work; X-Ray Computed Tomography; absorption; attenuation; base; breast cancer diagnosis; density; electric impedance; improved; instrument; interest; malignant breast neoplasm; member; novel; preclinical study; programs; prototype; research study; simulation; size; soft tissue; sound; success; theories; tissue phantom; tomography; tumor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Objective of this Phase-1 SBIR (1st resubmission/amended) project is: to implement and test an imaging method incorporating an improved quantitative ultrasound backscatter (QUBS) method, which uses scatterer size imaging (SSI) and acoustic scatterer concentration (ASC) for detection of breast cancer. Past SSI and ASC images were known in many cases to separate cancerous from benign tumors even without these improvements. The Research Design to combine QUBS with inverse scattering tomography (IST) and reflection tomography (RT) into a hybrid method. IST will correct RT images for refraction and attenuation. The corrected RT data will be used to make corrected and compounded QUBS images of greater accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution than possible previously. IST and RT are the two components of the ultrasound imaging method developed by TechniScan, Inc. (TSI), which is known as UltraSound-CTTM (i.e., USCT). USCT reconstructs an image using scattered data from views spaced a full 360¿around the object under study. IST is based on modeling ultrasound propagation through tissue using an exact wave equation model (EWEM) rather than a ray-based approach, which is the basis of common ultrasound imaging. Only EWEMs can produce high resolution (to 3/4 mm), quantitative images of sound speed, absorption and density gradient and can account for the effects of multiple scattering, refraction, diffraction, attenuation and reflection losses. RT imaging uses IST to correct for refraction and absorption (but not for multiple scattering or diffraction). RT is partially quantitative and provides high spatial resolution (to 1/4 mm). The Research methods: to combine QUBS with IST and RT by the following steps: (1) produce an IST image of the breast; (2) collect data to produce a RT image of the breast; (3) then make a refraction attenuation corrected RT image; (4) use these same corrections to make a spatially compounded, refraction corrected, attenuation corrected QUBS image of the breast. The QUBS image will be derived by processing this corrected data with particular algorithms that yield the improved scatterer size image (SSI). The Specific Aims to implement the Research Design and Methods are: (Aim 1) simulate QUBS algorithm performance (SSI and ACS) performance under the Born approximation using simulated data; (Aim 2) create agar phantoms to be scanned; analyze the performance of IST/RT enhanced SSI/ACS using data from simulations and from phantoms and tissue; (Aim 3) prepare to submit a Phase-2 SBIR with improved hardware that will test the synergy of a hybrid method combining QUBS with USCT to create 5 images (3 + 2 = 5), and thereby a 5-dimensional feature space for improved tissue characterization (sensitivity and specificity). One in every 7 women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. However, present diagnostic specificity for cancer detection (using mammography) is poor, with 3 in 4 biopsies yielding benign tissue and missing about 10% of cancers. This proposal, which combines two novel techniques for breast cancer detection-namely Quantitative Ultrasound Backscatter (QUBS) and Ultrasound Inverse Scattering Tomography (IST)-has a tremendous potential for improving breast cancer detection.

描述（由申请人提供）：第一阶段 SBIR（第一次重新提交/修订）项目的目标是：实施和测试一种结合改进的定量超声反向散射（QUBS）方法的成像方法，该方法使用散射体尺寸成像（SSI）和声散射体浓度（ASC）来检测乳腺癌。过去的 SSI 和 ASC 图像在许多情况下都可以将癌性肿瘤与良性肿瘤区分开来，即使没有这些改进。研究设计将 QUBS 与反散射断层扫描 (IST) 和反射断层扫描 (RT) 结合成一种混合方法。 IST 将校正 RT 图像的折射和衰减。校正后的 RT 数据将用于制作校正后的复合 QUBS 图像，其准确度、精确度和空间分辨率比以前更高。 IST 和 RT 是 TechniScan, Inc. (TSI) 开发的超声成像方法的两个组成部分，该方法被称为 UltraSound-CTTM（即 USCT）。 USCT 使用来自所研究对象周围 360° 间隔视图的分散数据来重建图像。 IST 基于使用精确波动方程模型 (EWEM) 对超声在组织中的传播进行建模，而不是基于射线的方法，后者是常见超声成像的基础。只有 EWEM 才能生成高分辨率（至 3/4 毫米）、声速、吸收和密度梯度的定量图像，并且可以解释多重散射、折射、衍射、衰减和反射损耗的影响。 RT 成像使用 IST 来校正折射和吸收（但不校正多重散射或衍射）。 RT 是部分定量的，并提供高空间分辨率（至 1/4 mm）。研究方法：将QUBS与IST和RT相结合，步骤如下：（1）生成乳腺的IST图像； (2) 收集数据以生成乳房 RT 图像； (3)然后制作屈光衰减校正RT图像； (4) 使用这些相同的校正来制作乳房的空间复合、折射校正、衰减校正的 QUBS 图像。 QUBS 图像将通过使用特定算法处理该校正数据来导出，从而产生改进的散射体尺寸图像 (SSI)。实施研究设计和方法的具体目标是：（目标1）使用模拟数据模拟Born近似下的QUBS算法性能（SSI和ACS）性能； （目标 2）创建待扫描的琼脂模型；使用来自模拟以及体模和组织的数据分析 IST/RT 增强型 SSI/ACS 的性能； （目标 3）准备提交具有改进硬件的第 2 阶段 SBIR，该硬件将测试 QUBS 与 USCT 相结合的混合方法的协同作用，以创建 5 个图像 (3 + 2 = 5)，从而创建 5 维特征空间，以改进组织表征（灵敏度和特异性）。每 7 名女性中就有 1 人一生中会患上乳腺癌。然而，目前癌症检测（使用乳房X线照相术）的诊断特异性很差，四分之三的活组织检查产生良性组织，并且遗漏了约10%的癌症。该提案结合了两种乳腺癌检测新技术，即定量超声反向散射（QUBS）和超声逆散射断层扫描（IST），在改善乳腺癌检测方面具有巨大潜力。