Diamond Neuro-Sensing and Stimulating Electrodes

描述（由申请人提供）：金刚石基电极是一种有前途的生物医学研究技术。 我们建议开发导电的金刚石基材料作为细胞外、神经感知和刺激的上级电极。 Diamond提供了一个独特的机会，将刺激和感知集成在同一设备中。 我们假设金刚石电极将提供实时神经传感能力，具有大大提高的灵敏度，选择性和稳定性，以及比现有材料更大的潜在操作范围。 钻石可以通过避免导致组织损伤的副反应和提供长期稳定性来扩大神经刺激能力。 这些优点将适用于各种各样的神经系统。 这些能力将通过三个具体的目标进行探索，重点是多巴胺，腺苷和血清素的细胞外传感和神经刺激的评估，使用我们的钻石技术来解决特定的神经调节问题。 首先，我们将表征具有用于神经传感和神经刺激能力的化学改性表面的金刚石微电极的电化学行为。 其次，我们将使用我们的特点金刚石电极分别测量多巴胺，血清素，腺苷浓度的变化在体外神经活动。 这些应用中的每一个都是金刚石电极对理解这些特定神经回路中的神经调制产生直接影响的机会。 第三，两个金刚石电极将用于同时刺激单细胞的神经活动和监测五羟色胺在加州无尾两栖动物中的释放。 与公共卫生的相关性：钻石是一种新的工具，以帮助我们了解神经传递，并可能被纳入先进的神经假体或药物治疗设备。 这个拟议的项目应该为神经学应用提供一整套坚固的、可植入的金刚石基设备的基础，这些设备可以扩展到更广泛的生物医学研究领域。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Diamond-based electrodes are a promising technology for biomedical research. We propose to develop conductive, diamond-based materials as superior electrodes for extracellular, neurological sensing and stimulation. Diamond provides a unique opportunity to integrate stimulation and sensing in the same device. We hypothesize that diamond electrodes will provide real-time neurological sensing capability, with greatly improved sensitivity, selectivity and stability, as well as an expanded potential range of operation over present materials. Diamond may expand neural stimulation capabilities by avoiding side reactions that lead to tissue damage and by providing long-term stability. These advantages will be applicable to a broad variety of neurological systems. These capabilities will be explored through three specific aims focusing on extracellular sensing of dopamine, adenosine, and serotonin and evaluation of neural stimulation, using our diamond technology toward addressing specific neuromodulatory questions. First, we will characterize the electrochemical behavior of a diamond microelectrode with chemically modified surfaces for neurological sensing and neural stimulation capabilities. Second, we will use our characterized diamond electrode to separately measure dopamine, serotonin, and adenosine concentration changes during in vitro neural activity. Each of these applications is opportunity for diamond electrodes to make an immediate impact on understanding neuromodulation in these specific neural circuits. Third, two diamond electrodes will be used to simultaneously stimulate neural activity of single cells and monitor serotonin release in the Aplysia californica. Relevance to Public Health: Diamond is a new tool to aid in our understanding of neurotransmission, and could be incorporated into advanced neuroprosthetic or drug therapy devices. This proposed project should provide the basis of a whole class of robust, implantable diamond-based devices for neurological applications, which could be extended into broader areas of biomedical research.