Diamond Neuro-Sensing and Stimulating Electrodes

描述（由申请人提供）：金刚石电极是一种很有前途的生物医学研究技术。我们建议开发导电的、基于金刚石的材料作为细胞外、神经传感和刺激的优越电极。Diamond为在同一设备中集成刺激和传感提供了独特的机会。我们假设金刚石电极将提供实时神经传感能力，具有大大提高的灵敏度，选择性和稳定性，以及比现有材料更大的潜在操作范围。金刚石可以通过避免导致组织损伤的副反应和提供长期稳定性来扩大神经刺激能力。这些优点将适用于各种各样的神经系统。这些能力将通过三个特定的目标来探索，重点是多巴胺、腺苷和血清素的细胞外感知以及神经刺激的评估，使用我们的钻石技术来解决特定的神经调节问题。首先，我们将表征具有化学修饰表面的金刚石微电极的电化学行为，以用于神经传感和神经刺激能力。其次，我们将使用我们的金刚石电极分别测量多巴胺、血清素和腺苷浓度在体外神经活动期间的变化。这些应用都是金刚石电极对理解这些特定神经回路中的神经调节产生直接影响的机会。第三，将使用两个金刚石电极同时刺激单细胞的神经活动并监测加利福尼亚海蒿子的血清素释放。与公共卫生相关：钻石是一种帮助我们理解神经传递的新工具，可以被纳入先进的神经假肢或药物治疗设备中。这一提议的项目将为神经系统应用提供一整套坚固的、可植入的基于钻石的设备的基础，这可以扩展到更广泛的生物医学研究领域。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Diamond-based electrodes are a promising technology for biomedical research. We propose to develop conductive, diamond-based materials as superior electrodes for extracellular, neurological sensing and stimulation. Diamond provides a unique opportunity to integrate stimulation and sensing in the same device. We hypothesize that diamond electrodes will provide real-time neurological sensing capability, with greatly improved sensitivity, selectivity and stability, as well as an expanded potential range of operation over present materials. Diamond may expand neural stimulation capabilities by avoiding side reactions that lead to tissue damage and by providing long-term stability. These advantages will be applicable to a broad variety of neurological systems. These capabilities will be explored through three specific aims focusing on extracellular sensing of dopamine, adenosine, and serotonin and evaluation of neural stimulation, using our diamond technology toward addressing specific neuromodulatory questions. First, we will characterize the electrochemical behavior of a diamond microelectrode with chemically modified surfaces for neurological sensing and neural stimulation capabilities. Second, we will use our characterized diamond electrode to separately measure dopamine, serotonin, and adenosine concentration changes during in vitro neural activity. Each of these applications is opportunity for diamond electrodes to make an immediate impact on understanding neuromodulation in these specific neural circuits. Third, two diamond electrodes will be used to simultaneously stimulate neural activity of single cells and monitor serotonin release in the Aplysia californica. Relevance to Public Health: Diamond is a new tool to aid in our understanding of neurotransmission, and could be incorporated into advanced neuroprosthetic or drug therapy devices. This proposed project should provide the basis of a whole class of robust, implantable diamond-based devices for neurological applications, which could be extended into broader areas of biomedical research.