Biobehavioral-Smoking Profiles in Mexican-American Youth

描述（由申请人提供）：调查数据显示，墨西哥裔美国人（MA）青年报告的吸烟率最高。这个跨学科的项目将确定非遗传（社会心理，行为和上下文）和遗传因素对吸烟，开始吸烟，并在休斯敦大都市区的城市MA青年队列尼古丁的依赖性的易感性的相对影响。该提案建立在M.流行病学系创建和维护的现有基于人口的MA家庭资源基础上。D.安德森癌症中心，并利用在行为科学系研究青少年吸烟轨迹的经验。研究设计将包括具有以下特定目的的初始横断面调查：1）评估11至13岁之间的无血缘关系MA青少年（n =1300）的吸烟易感性基线患病率和前6个月内的香烟实验。2)每6个月进行一次系统的电话随访，以确定吸烟状态的变化（使用广泛接受的吸烟认知易感性和尼古丁依赖性测量方法），并收集唾液样本（根据需要）用于可替宁测量。我们将通过在研究的最后一年进行随访家庭访谈来评估心理社会和背景因素的变化。这一假说认为，社会心理资源水平较低或处于允许吸烟环境中的青少年更容易吸烟，并更容易发展为依赖性吸烟。3)确定候选基因的变异，包括与尼古丁代谢、多巴胺和5-羟色胺途径有关的基因，以及编码参与神经递质合成或代谢的酶的基因，如何影响吸烟的开始、建立和实验后的尼古丁依赖。我们将探讨遗传易感因素如何与心理社会因素相互作用，以影响吸烟状况。我们还将评估遗传易感性是否会改变社会，环境和心理因素对从实验到尼古丁依赖的转变的影响。长期目标是开发定量多变量风险评估模型，用于实验，启动和依赖，以及遗传易感性，以确定高风险的青少年亚组。这些发现将使我们能够制定文化和年龄适当的学校和社区为基础的戒烟干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Survey data show that Mexican-American (MA) youth report the highest rates of experimenting with cigarettes. This transdisciplinary project will determine the relative influences of both non-genetic (psychosocial, behavioral, and contextual) and genetic factors in susceptibility to smoking, initiation of smoking, and dependency on nicotine in a cohort of urban MA youth in the Houston metropolitan area. The proposal builds upon an existing population-based resource of MA households created and maintained in the Department of Epidemiology at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and capitalizes upon the experience in studying adolescent smoking trajectories in the Department of Behavioral Science. The study design will include an initial cross-sectional survey with the following specific aims: 1) to assess baseline prevalence of susceptibility to smoking and experimentation with cigarettes in the prior six months in unrelated MA adolescents between the ages of 11 to 13 years (n =1300). 2) to conduct a systematic telephone follow-up every six months to ascertain changes in smoking status (using widely accepted measures of cognitive susceptibility to smoking and nicotine dependence) and to collect saliva samples (as needed) for cotinine measurement. We will evaluate changes in psychosocial and contextual factors by conducting a follow-up home interview in the final year of the study. The hypothesis is that adolescents with lower levels of psychosocial resources or in smoking permissive contexts are more susceptible to smoking and to the development of dependent smoking. 3) to determine how variation in candidate genes, including those related to nicotine metabolism, dopamine and serotonin pathways, and genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis or metabolism of neurotransmitters may influence the initiation, establishment of smoking, and nicotine dependence following experimentation. We will explore how genetic predisposing factors interact with psychosocial factors to impact smoking status. We will also evaluate whether genetic predisposition will modify the impact of the social, contextual, and psychological factors on the transition from experimentation to nicotine dependence. The long-term goal is to develop quantitative multivariate risk assessment models for experimentation, initiation and dependence, and genetic susceptibility in order to identify high-risk adolescent subgroups. These findings will enable us to develop culturally and age-appropriate school- and community-based smoking cessation interventions.