Biobehavioral-Smoking Profiles in Mexican-American Youth

描述(由申请者提供)：调查数据显示，墨西哥裔美国(MA)青年报告的香烟试验率最高。这个跨学科的项目将确定非遗传因素(心理社会、行为和背景)和遗传因素在休斯敦大都市区的一群城市MA青年中吸烟易感性、吸烟开始和对尼古丁依赖的相对影响。该提案建立在M.D.安德森癌症中心流行病学系创建和维护的现有基于人群的MA家庭资源的基础上，并利用了行为科学系研究青少年吸烟轨迹的经验。这项研究设计将包括一项初步的横断面调查，具体目的如下：1)评估11至13岁之间无关的MA青少年(n=1300)在过去6个月中吸烟和尝试吸烟的基线流行率。2)每六个月进行一次系统的电话跟踪，以确定吸烟状况的变化(使用广泛接受的对吸烟和尼古丁依赖的认知敏感度的衡量标准)，并收集唾液样本(根据需要)进行可替宁测量。我们将通过在研究的最后一年进行后续的家庭访谈来评估心理社会和背景因素的变化。这一假设是，心理社会资源水平较低或处于吸烟允许环境中的青少年更容易吸烟，并更容易发展成依赖型吸烟。3)确定候选基因的变异，包括与尼古丁代谢、多巴胺和5-羟色胺途径相关的基因，以及参与神经递质合成或代谢的编码酶的基因如何影响实验后吸烟的开始、形成和尼古丁依赖。我们将探索遗传易感因素如何与心理社会因素相互作用来影响吸烟状况。我们还将评估遗传倾向是否会改变社会、背景和心理因素对从实验到尼古丁依赖转变的影响。长期目标是开发定量的多变量风险评估模型，用于实验、启动和依赖以及遗传易感性，以确定高危青少年亚群。这些发现将使我们能够开发文化和年龄相适应的学校和社区戒烟干预措施。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Survey data show that Mexican-American (MA) youth report the highest rates of experimenting with cigarettes. This transdisciplinary project will determine the relative influences of both non-genetic (psychosocial, behavioral, and contextual) and genetic factors in susceptibility to smoking, initiation of smoking, and dependency on nicotine in a cohort of urban MA youth in the Houston metropolitan area. The proposal builds upon an existing population-based resource of MA households created and maintained in the Department of Epidemiology at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, and capitalizes upon the experience in studying adolescent smoking trajectories in the Department of Behavioral Science. The study design will include an initial cross-sectional survey with the following specific aims: 1) to assess baseline prevalence of susceptibility to smoking and experimentation with cigarettes in the prior six months in unrelated MA adolescents between the ages of 11 to 13 years (n =1300). 2) to conduct a systematic telephone follow-up every six months to ascertain changes in smoking status (using widely accepted measures of cognitive susceptibility to smoking and nicotine dependence) and to collect saliva samples (as needed) for cotinine measurement. We will evaluate changes in psychosocial and contextual factors by conducting a follow-up home interview in the final year of the study. The hypothesis is that adolescents with lower levels of psychosocial resources or in smoking permissive contexts are more susceptible to smoking and to the development of dependent smoking. 3) to determine how variation in candidate genes, including those related to nicotine metabolism, dopamine and serotonin pathways, and genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis or metabolism of neurotransmitters may influence the initiation, establishment of smoking, and nicotine dependence following experimentation. We will explore how genetic predisposing factors interact with psychosocial factors to impact smoking status. We will also evaluate whether genetic predisposition will modify the impact of the social, contextual, and psychological factors on the transition from experimentation to nicotine dependence. The long-term goal is to develop quantitative multivariate risk assessment models for experimentation, initiation and dependence, and genetic susceptibility in order to identify high-risk adolescent subgroups. These findings will enable us to develop culturally and age-appropriate school- and community-based smoking cessation interventions.